Individual Differences Flashcards
1
Q
Personality Differences
A
- Cox Fuenzalisa (2006)
- cognitive explanation
- Freuds psychodynamic theory
2
Q
Cox Fuenzalisa (2006)
A
- introverts have better LTM as they experience more cortical arousal (activation of the brain) when stressed
- extroverts have lower cortical arousal and have better STM
3
Q
cognitive explanation of personality differences
A
- introverts spend more time thinking about the past so they rehearse memories more so better LTM
- extroverts are more focussed on the present so they have more attention to sensory experiences
4
Q
Freuds psychodynamic theory as a personality differences
A
- people’s personality firm when they repress painful childhood memories and create defensive mechanisms to deal with unresolved issues in their past
- childhood amnesia is why we don’t remember anything before the age of 5
5
Q
Gender differences
A
- Loftus
- Wang (2013)
6
Q
Loftus as a gender difference
A
- schemas may be different between man and woman and this may affect what they remember and how they remember it
- males and females scored similarly except in the elderly group where females were much more accurate than males
7
Q
Wang (2013) as gender differences
A
- women were better than men at recognising photographs of faces they had seen before (but only female faces) when it comes to male faces they scored the same
8
Q
cultural differences
A
- mullen (1994)
- nelson (2004)
- Hayne (2000)
- wimber (2015)
9
Q
Mullen (1994)
A
- asked 700 Caucasian and Asian students of their first memory
- Asian students first memory was 6 months later than Caucasian students
10
Q
Nelson (2004)
A
- as children we encode memories by taking about them
- the more parents encourage us to spin an elaborate narrative spin, the more likely we are to remember details about that event
11
Q
Hayne (2000)
A
Māoris from nz have the best autobiographical memory (one year before Caucasians) due to their culture of emphasis on personals and familial past
12
Q
Wimber (2015)
A
We outsource our LTM to mobile phones and the internet so our brains ability to make long term memories decreases
13
Q
Other differences
A
- Kim Peek
- James McGaugh (2006)
- Stephen Wiltshire
14
Q
Kim Peek
A
- born with brain damage
- ability to make mental calculations at speed
- read 12000 books in his life and can remember all of them
15
Q
James McGaugh (2006)
A
- Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM)
- Case study of A.J
- a woman who could recall everyday of her life since she was 14
16
Q
Stephen Wiltshire
A
A man with autism who could draw a detailed picture of a view he had only seen once
17
Q
Hodgeway Village
A
- A village for people with Alzheimer’s
- familiar settings triggers schemas
- helps trigger episodic and semantic memory
18
Q
Goswami (2003)
A
- people with dyslexia muddled up similar letter sounds
- shorter digit span and phonological loop span
19
Q
Case study of HM
A
- had brain surgery (bilateral medical temporal lobe resection) for epilepsy in 1953
- afterwards, personality and intellect remains but lost the memory of 10 years prior to operation (retrograde amnesia)
- lost ability to encode new long term memories (anterograde amnesia)
- studied for 50 years by 100 researchers
- brain was sliced up and preserved to study further
- some of his hippocampus hadn’t been damaged hence why he could encode new episodic and semantic memories
