Individual Defferences (CLASSIC) - understanding disorders - FREUD

Question 1

Conscious mind

Answer 1

State when individuals are aware of their motives for behaviour that they can explain verbally

Question 2

Unconscious mind

Answer 2

State when behavioural motivations are often complex and are often related to sex in some way. These are largely hidden for an individuals conscious mind but are actually the driving force behind visible behaviour

Question 3

Psychoanalysis

Answer 3

Set of techniques for treating the unconscious causes of mental disorders - which has a great impact on psychology and psychiatry

Question 4

defence mechanisms

Answer 4

used by the unconscious mind to protect us from anxiety

Question 5

examples of defence mechanisms

Answer 5

repression - when memory of a traumatic event becomes buried and inaccessible
displacement - when we unconsciously move impulses from the threatening to the less threating

Question 6

ID

Answer 6

operates on pleasure principle - present at birth, selfish and demands instant gratification

Question 7

EGO

Answer 7

operates on reality principle - acts as mediator between ID and superego to manage any conflicts. When the EGO is unable to cope with such demands it releases a series of defence mechanisms to reduce anxiety

Question 8

SUPEREGO

Answer 8

operates on the morality principle representing moral standards. It develops during the phallic stage and internalises a sense of right and wrong

Question 9

freud’s theory

Answer 9

different parts of the body are particularly sensitive at different times during childhood

Question 10

oral

Answer 10

age 0-1 - libido is focused on the mouth so infants experience pleasure from sucking and biting

Question 11

anal

Answer 11

age 1-3 - libido shifts to the anus - children gain pleasure from achieving control over their own bodies and this will include retaining and eliminating faeces

Question 12

phallic

Answer 12

age 3-5/6 - libido is now focused on the genitals so children display an interest in the differences between boys and girls as well as developing a strong attachment to the parent of the opposite sex. Boys experience Oedipus complex and girls Electra complex

Question 13

latency

Answer 13

age 5/6 - no organ pleasure so children focus on schooling and girls and boys do not interact

Question 14

genital

Answer 14

puberty to maturity - libido is focused on genitals so people develop relationships with the opposite sex

Question 15

Oedipus complex

Answer 15

In phallic stage a boy has an unconscious wish for an exclusive sexual relationship with mother
jealous of his father - wants him out the way
focus on phallic stage is genitals - ultimate punishment is castration
castration anxiety - for fear father will find out

Question 16

Electra complex

Answer 16

young girl initially attracted to her mother
discovers she has no p so becomes attached to her father
resents her mother who she blames for her castration
girl begins to identify with her mother for fear of losing her love

Question 17

theoretical aim

Answer 17

provide evidence to support Freud’s psychodynamic theory

Question 18

therapeutic aim

Answer 18

cure little Han’s phobia of white horses and show how psychoanalytic theory can be used to successfully treat an anxiety disorder

Question 19

sample

Answer 19

Little Hans was 5 years old at the time of the study. Historical evidence starting from when he was 3 years old
Hans was described as a cheerful and straight forward child bit he developed his phobia and there was a clear difference between what he said and what he thought. Freud believed this was because things were going in on Hans’ unconscious mind of which he was unaware

Question 20

research method

Answer 20

longitudinal case study
in depth detail gathered about one individual in relation to his fantasies, fears and phobias from the start of the Oedipus complex through to overcoming the complex

Question 21

little hans and his ‘widdler’

Answer 21

when he was 3 he developed interest in his widdler and also those of other people
he asked his mummy if she had one and realized this was a key distinction between living and non living things. He observed animals had big ones and throughout this time the main theme of his fantasies and dreams was widdlers

Question 22

Freud’s interpretation of widdler

Answer 22

believed he was going through the phallic stage of psychosexual development and therefore also Oedipus complex

Question 23

fear of baths

Answer 23

when hans was 3 1/2 his sister Hanna was born and he resented her so wished mother would drop her in the bath so she would drown. This was expressed indirectly in terms of fearing baths and was afraid mother would drop him in too