Individual Agency and Action Flashcards
How we form our political identities
They form in childhood from our attitudes and beliefs.
Socialization agents – who shapes our political identities
The most prominent agents of socialization are family and school. Other influential agents are social groups, such as religious institutions and friends, and the media.
An example of a right explicitly protected by the Constitution, as drafted at the Constitutional Convention, is the
right to a writ of habeas corpus
Which part of the Constitution limits the ability of the government to control or restrict religious practices?
The Free Exercise Clause of the 1st Amendment
T/F Originally, the civil liberties protected in the Constitution only applied to the national government. They did not protect citizens from the actions of state governments.
True
In Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court held that the Bill of Rights limits __________, not __________, activity.
federal; state
T/F Burning of the U.S. flag is an act of symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.
True
In the case of Texas v. Johnson, the Supreme Court ruled burning the flag was symbolic speech and therefore could not be punished by government.
Today, the United States is the only western country to use which of the following to punish crime?
-the death penalty
- juries
- victim impact statements
- recidivism
the death penalty
What does the Sixth Amendment guarantee to those accused of a crime?
assistance of counsel
In the case of Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to ________________________________________.
an attorney, even if you cannot afford one
How did the U.S. Supreme Court interpret the Second Amendment in District of Columbia v. Heller?
It ruled that the Second Amendment protected an individual’s right to own a gun for personal use in Washington D.C. This case established the precedent of an individual’s right to own a firearm
Which of the following rights has the Supreme Court found to be one of the penumbras of unstated liberties linked to explicitly stated rights?
right to privacy
agent of political socialization
a person or entity that teaches and influences others about politics through use of information
bandwagon effect
increased media coverage of candidates who poll high
Bradley effect
the difference between a poll result and an election result in which voters gave a socially desirable poll response rather than a true response that might be perceived as racist
classical liberalism
a political ideology based on belief in individual liberties and rights and the idea of free will, with little role for government
communism
a political and economic system in which, in theory, government promotes common ownership of all property, means of production, and materials to prevent the exploitation of workers while creating an equal society; in practice, most communist governments have used force to maintain control
covert content
ideologically slanted information presented as unbiased information in order to influence public opinion
diffuse support
the widespread belief that a country and its legal system are legitimate
fascism
a political system of total control by the ruling party or political leader over the economy, the military, society, and culture and often the private lives of citizens
exit poll
an election poll taken by interviewing voters as they leave a polling place
favorability poll
a public opinion poll that measures a public’s positive feelings about a candidate or politician
heuristics
shortcuts or generalizations for decision making
horserace coverage
day-to-day media coverage of candidate performance in the election
leading question
a question worded to lead a respondent to give a desired answer
margin of error
a number that states how far the poll results may be from the actual preferences of the total population of citizens
modern conservatism
a political ideology that prioritizes individual liberties, preferring a smaller government that stays out of the economy
modern liberalism
a political ideology focused on equality and supporting government intervention in society and the economy if it promotes equality
overt content
political information whose author makes clear that only one side is presented
political culture
the prevailing political attitudes and beliefs within a society or region
political elite
a political opinion leader who alerts the public to changes or problems
political socialization
the process of learning the norms and practices of a political system through others and societal institutions
public opinion
a collection of opinions of an individual or a group of individuals on a topic, person, or event
push poll
politically biased campaign information presented as a poll in order to change minds
random sample
a limited number of people from the overall population selected in such a way that each has an equal chance of being chosen
representative sample
a group of respondents demographically similar to the population of interest
socialism
a political and economic system in which government uses its authority to promote social and economic equality, providing everyone with basic services and equal opportunities and requiring citizens with more wealth to contribute more
straw poll
an informal and unofficial election poll conducted with a non-random population
