Indigenous society and beliefs Flashcards

1
Q

Did all Indigenous tribes get along?

A

No - some were sworn enemies and would fight on sight

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2
Q

What name was given to large tribes such as the Sioux?

A

Nations

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3
Q

How many people could be in a band within a tribe?

A

20-30 or several hundred

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4
Q

When would all the different bands in a tribe meet, and for what purpose?

A

In the summer for a great tribal camp

To co-operate to ensure survival on the Plains

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5
Q

What tribes made up the Sioux nation?

A

Lakota, Dakota and Nakota

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6
Q

How many sub-tribes made up the Lakota Sioux tribe?

A

7

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7
Q

What gender were chiefs?

A

Men

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8
Q

Give three examples of types of chief

A

1) A war chief

2) A spiritual chief

3) A chief who led negotiations with other tribes

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9
Q

Why did the system of chiefs lead to problems with the white Americans?

A

The white Americans found it difficult to understand that one tribe could have multiple chiefs

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10
Q

Why would someone be chosen to be a chief?

A

Their wisdom, leadership and spiritual powers, or their skill as warriors and hunters

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11
Q

Were chiefs in position for life?

A

Rarely

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12
Q

What role did the band chief play?

A

Guided the band to find enough to eat and protected the band from danger

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13
Q

Who made up the tribal council?

A

Band chiefs and elders

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14
Q

What did the tribal council decide?

A

Where to declare war or negotiate peace

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15
Q

How were decisions made in the tribal council?

A

Unanimously - everyone had to agree

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16
Q

Did bands have to follow chiefs?

A

No - in tribes like the Lakota Sioux, they could make their own decisions

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17
Q

Who would be part of the warrior brotherhood?

A

Young men who had proved their bravery and skill

18
Q

What did warrior brotherhoods teach their members?

A

The tribe’s beliefs and values

19
Q

What did warrior brotherhoods NOT have to respect?

A

Peace treaties negotiated by tribal councils

20
Q

What would leading men from the warrior brotherhoods join?

A

The guard unit

21
Q

What three things did the guard unit do?

A

1) Organised the tribe’s yearly buffalo hunt

2) Looked after old and ill tribe members

3) Chose where the tribe should gather to make camp

22
Q

What was the Last Child Society?

A

A warrior brotherhood in the Oglala Sioux made up of only youngest sons, said to be the bravest and most daring

23
Q

What role did women play in a tribe?

A

Feeding and clothing their families

Processing buffalo hides and meat

24
Q

Were women respected in Indigenous peoples society?

A

Yes - they had a specialised role

25
Q

What was the key resource for the Indigenous peoples?

A

The buffalo

26
Q

What was the fat of the buffalo used for?

A

Cooking and making soap

27
Q

What was the skin of the buffalo used for?

A

Made into leather for clothing, bags, horse harnesses and tipis

28
Q

What was the bladder of the buffalo used for?

A

Food bags or water skins

29
Q

What were the bones of the buffalo used for?

A

Arrow heads, tools, jewellery, and frames for sledges

30
Q

What benefits did horses bring to the Indigenous peoples?

A

Allowed them to live a nomadic lifestyle, following the buffalo herds as they migrated across the Plains

31
Q

What did the Indigenous peoples use horses to carry?

A

People, sledges carrying folded-down tipis, and camp equipment

32
Q

How did the Indigenous peoples kill the buffalo?

A

They would fire arrows or guns while riding their horses at full speed

33
Q

What evidence suggests that horses were important status symbols to the Indigenous peoples?

A

They were stolen during warfare, and Indigenous peoples often measured their wealth in the number of horses they owned

34
Q

Why was buffalo skin a suitable material to make into the tipi?

A

It was light and easy to carry, and it did not need a lot of wood to make the frame

35
Q

What did Indigenous peoples believed was contained in everything in nature?

36
Q

How did Indigenous peoples believed they could contact the spirit world?

A

Through ‘vision quests’, guided by spirit animals, or special ritual dances

37
Q

What was the sacred land of the Lakota Sioux?

A

The Black Hills of South Dakota

38
Q

What activities were seen as disrespectful to the land in Indigenous beliefs?

A

Farming or mining

39
Q

What did Indigenous peoples believe about the status of land?

A

It could not be bought or sold

40
Q

Describe TWO ways Indigenous tribes minimised the number of men killed in raids

A

1) The raid would only go ahead if it looked as if it would work

2) Only selected warrior brotherhoods would go on a raid

41
Q

What was ‘counting coup’?

A

A special type of fighting in which a warrior would attempt to hit or touch (not kill) an enemy and get away without being injured or killed