Impact of settlement on the Indigenous peoples up to 1876 Flashcards

1
Q

What did the Pawnee, Omaha and Winnebago peoples decide to do when the Northern Pacific Railroad cut across their lands?

A

Moved to reservations in Nebraska

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2
Q

What impact did barbed wire fences have on the buffalo?

A

Disrupted their migration patterns

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3
Q

Who did the railroad companies see the buffalo as an ideal food source for?

A

The thousands of railroad workers

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4
Q

How many buffalo were killed each year as a result of the railroads?

A

Around 200,000

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5
Q

Which states had zero cattle in 1860 but hundreds of thousands in 1880?

A

Colorado, Montana, Wyoming

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6
Q

How many cattle were in Kansas in:
1860
1880

A

1860: 93,000
1880: 1.5 million

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7
Q

What did cattle and buffalo have to compete for?

A

Grass and water

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8
Q

What did the cattle bring with them that affected the buffalo?

A

Diseases

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9
Q

How did the Indigenous peoples respond to cattle drives?

A

Raided them

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10
Q

Why were the Indigenous peoples wiped out in California?

A

They were replaced by gold miners

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11
Q

Where was gold discovered in 1858?

A

Colorado

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12
Q

Where was gold discovered in 1862?

A

Montana

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13
Q

What impact did large numbers of wagons, horses and people migrating west have on the Indigenous peoples?

A

Strain on resources of grass and water

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14
Q

What diseases did migrants spread to the Indigenous peoples?

A

Tuberculosis, diphtheria

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15
Q

What did miners do to get to gold deposits that angered Indigenous peoples?

A

Trespassed across Indigenous peoples’ lands

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16
Q

What did the US government do to stop miners trespassing on Indigenous peoples’ lands?

17
Q

What did miners do to Indigenous peoples’ land while tribes were elsewhere?

A

Divided it up, built on it, and refused to leave

18
Q

How much did miners pay Indigenous peoples to build on their land?

19
Q

How were the railroads and gold mining linked?

A

The railroads made it easier to move people and goods to and from the mining settlements

20
Q

How were the railroads and cattle industry linked?

A

Railroads were used to transport cattle

21
Q

How were gold mining and the cattle industry linked?

A

The mining towns were an important market for beef

22
Q

What impact did the railroads, mining towns and cattle industry have on the Indigenous peoples?

A

Forced to move onto reservations and accept government handouts of rations

23
Q

What three things did the US government promise if the Indigenous peoples moved onto a reservation?

A

1) They would not lose any more land

2) They would be protected from attack by whites

3) They would be given an annuity

24
Q

Why did Indigenous tribes agree to move onto reservations despite serious doubts?

A

They felt there was no other way for the tribe to survive

25
What did the US government promise chiefs about the care of tribes on the reservations? Did they stick to these promises?
They would be given regular supplies of food and the opportunity to use their hunting grounds No
26
How did the government believe that the reservations would "benefit" Indigenous peoples?
They could learn about farming and Christianity, and their children could learn to read and write
27
Why did the reservations show no understanding of Indigenous peoples' cultural values?
Treaties about reservations were agreed with chiefs, but chiefs had no authority to make bands or brotherhoods stay on the reservation
28
Why was the challenge of farming on the Plains worse for Indigenous peoples than white settlers?
Reservations often had very poor farming land and some tribes had no traditions of farming at all
29
Whose job was it to run the reservations?
The Bureau of Indian Affairs
30
What sort of men did the Bureau of Indian Affairs appoint to run the reservations?
Corrupt men who cheated the tribes to make themselves wealthy
31
Why did white settlers complain about the reservations?
They said they were too big and the Indigenous peoples were being treated better than they were