Indigenous Religion

Question 1

Monte Verde

Answer 1

• means green mountain.
• This was an archeological site that disproved that theory that the first people entered the Americas. - it in in south africa

Question 2

Siksika

Answer 2

• means Blackfoot (bc they would burn the Praire grass which would blacken their feet
  -east of Calgary

Question 3

Piikani

Answer 3

-means rough road and sign of respect/status
-is near Pincher Creek and Brocket

Question 4

Kainai

Answer 4

-largest reserves with many chiefs
-in Cardston to Lethbridge to the mountains

Question 5

animism

Answer 5

belief that everything in the natural world has a soul/spirit (rivers, trees, etc)

Question 6

trickster

Answer 6

is a cunning, charming, intelligent being who, as the name suggests, enjoy playing tricks on people.

Question 7

Vision Quest

Answer 7

-happens usually around puberty or undergoing some sort of transition in life
- they meet with a religious figure who gives them advice. Go to a sacred location and spend days in prayer

Question 8

totem

Answer 8

A spiritual guardian

Question 9

Aisinai’pi

Answer 9

means “it is written”
This site contains a vast number of sandstone structures called hoodoos

Question 10

Mastoeeas

Answer 10

means crows nest mountain

Question 11

Ninastako

Answer 11

“stand alone” chief mountain in Montana

Question 12

medicine wheel

Answer 12

• it looks like a wheel from above and medicine means spirit
  -navigation markers, to mark a sacred location/events also astronomical signs

Question 13

Pow Wow

Answer 13

curing ceremony (spiritual/healing)

Question 14

shaman

Answer 14

an important religious leader amongst some Indigenous group

Question 15

Navajo

Answer 15

sand art

Question 16

peyote

Answer 16

a drug that comes from cactus that grows in the south and mexico and it gives long and intense hallucinations

Question 17

how the first people entered the americans?

Answer 17

via Beringia. Asia/Russia stretched across into Alaska across Beringia (when the ice-free corridor opens up

Question 18

Sky woman

Answer 18

The earth was all water, no land, so people had to live up in
the sky/clouds. One day the daughter of the chief sky-person got really sick so her father searches for
the cure. He asks the wisest sky people and they say to place her beside a sacred tree and then have
everyone dig up the tree. The father complies but when the people dig up the roots, it falls out of the
clouds into the depths of the water, taking the sky woman with it. A swan rescues sky woman but they
need a place for her. The swans ask the wise turtle what to do and the turtle says to find the soil from
the tree’s roots and create a land for sky woman. Multiple animals dive down and try to find this magical piece of dirt but they keep coming up dead. Then an old toad woman says she can do it but no one
believes her. Toad woman dives down and finally emerges looking dead. She is not quite dead so with
her dying breath she spits out the piece of magic dirt onto the wise turtle’s back. The turtle’s back starts
to take the shape of hills and trees, and the swans place sky woman there to live. Iroquois people are
sometimes connected to turtles.

Question 19

what does the belief in two souls mean?

Answer 19

The breath soul always remains inside our body. The free soul
is free to depart the body when it is sick or troubled or during visions, but if the free soul is gone too long, the breath soul also leaves and we die.

Question 20

Raven trickster story

Answer 20

The raven plays helpful tricks on people. When the world was only darkness, the raven wanted to see
light so he asked a bunch of people who told him to go up north to an old man in a cabin and they have
light. Raven flies up and shapeshifts into a berry so the mans daughter picks her and drinks her in a
soup, getting pregnant and giving birth to raven/boy. The odd looking child grows up and cant talk but
they love him anyway. Raven starts to look for light and finds 3 bundles, cawing and pointing to them
until the man gives it to him. Raven rips it open and out come the stars that light the night sky. Raven
then bugs the man to give the second bundle, revealing the moon, alighting more things in the world.
Lastly he caws for the last bundle and can’t open it up so he shape shifts back into a bird and flies the
bundle up into the sky where he tears it open and reveals the sun

Question 21

what does the vision quest entail

Answer 21

A ritual to give an individual a spiritual experience/vision. They meet with a religious figure (shaman/medicine person) who gives them advice. They then go to a sacred location out in nature and bring only a few things, and spend a few days in prayer/meditation.

Question 22

what happens when you receive a vision of one’s totem?

Answer 22

they go home and visit the shaman again and if they don’t receive a vison they just try again next time, it is considered a failure

Question 23

what do the black foot believe about the hoodoos

Answer 23

because of belief in animalism, they believe the hoodoos have a soul/spirit

Question 24

significance of crowsnest cave?

Answer 24

it is the source of the old man river

Question 25

what is the significance of the Ninastoko mountain

Answer 25

It is still visible on cloudy days. Napi recreated the world from
the top of chief mountain, and there was a flood where the peak was the only thing not underwater

Question 26

how do you become a shaman

Answer 26

a vision quest the divine might tell you to become one, sometimes it is genealogy or you have 6 fingers

Question 27

What figures and objects might be depicted in a piece of sand art?

Answer 27

Pointing east to where the sun rises,
holding sacred herbs and plants to the Navajo (4 figures and 2 spiritual guardians)

Question 28

What are the two functions of the sand art in this ceremony?

Answer 28

Bring down good spirits and repel bad spirits

Question 29

What happens to the sand art after the ceremony?

Answer 29

Destroy it if it was used in a healing ceremony, otherwise the shaman might become blind or die

Question 30

What are some of the recent “battles” of the Native American Church?

Answer 30

Peyote was an illegal drug but its
now allowed as long as its part of a ceremony. A blend with Christianity (eucharist) sees the peyote as
the body like sacrament