Indidualistic And Sociological Theories Continued Flashcards
Describe eyesnecks personality theory
-He argues criminality is the result of a particular personality type.
-it is shaped by our activity and arousal of parts of our CNS.
-criminals score highly on extraverism,neurpctism,pyscotism-measured on a personality question are they require exitment to meet high arosal level.
Extravertism-under aroused CNS-attention seeking/risk takers.
-neutrostism- over arosed CNS-high levels of anxiety make it difficult to condition to society’s rules-don’t respond to punishments.overly anxious,obsessive.-voilence.
Psychotism-excessive dopamine-anti social,aggressive,uncaring.
Why are they difficlut to socialise and condition?-eyenseck
They don’t associate crime with being punishe.
-crime is exiting don’t consider feelings of others.
-Therfroe punishment and reinforcement is not effective at controlling their criminal behaviour.
Eyenseck policy-aversion therapy
-helps people reduce behaviours they don’t want by causing an association to somethingtheo unpleasant.
-ethical issues-dangerous.
-has no long term positive impact-just suppresses impulses rather than getting rid of them forever.
Eyenseck-2 strengths
-evidence to support theory that criminality is caused
by high pen score-eysneck and gudjonsson -prison inmates had a high score on all 3
-Theory useful in describing how some measurable tendencies could increase risk of offending.
2 weaknesss
-Farmington examined a range of studies-show how prisoners are neurotic and psychotic but not extraverted.challenges theory that to be a criminal u. Have to score highly on all 3 personality types.
-Theory relies heavily on self reporting may not be reliable and valid.
-evidence on prisoners shows a correlation between personality types and criminality-but doesn’t prove personality causes-could be other way round that being in prison could cause people to be neurotic.
Kolberg+congtive theories-moral development Part 1
Criminals moral development is stuck at a less mature level than everyone else.
Criminals are likely to think in terms of whether their actions will solely lead to a reward or punishment rather than how it affects anymore else more likely to engage in crime.
Functionalism-Durkheim
