Crim Social Changes,unit 1 Stuff,sociological Theories Flashcards
Describe right realism-sociological theory
The basis of right realism is a negative view of human nature.(naturally selfish and greedy)
-This aspect of human nature needs to be subject to social controls and socialised to appropriate behaviour.
-Rational choice theory-criminals will engage in rime if the benefits outweigh the costs-commit crime as a deliberate and rational choice
-according to Charles Murray a lack of social bonds causes crime
-Development of welfare-results in the decline of traditional families-single parent families children don’t receive adequate socialisation
-a growing underclass such as single parents provide the opportunity for crime.
explain how campaigns for change have affected policy making-Sarah’s law
-After a pedofile kidnapped Sarah and murdered her
-driving force was Sara Payne
-Campaign purpose- the right to know where child sex offenders lived in that area
-Methods-TV interviews-media,petitions,(right to know where pedofiles live)Tv-news of world
-Successful-Changed law-child sex offender disclosure scheme
discuss how campaigns for change affected policy making-Snowdrop-Pressure group
-Purpose-To change the law and see a total ban on the private ownership of handguns.
-Driving force-Pressure group started by parents of victims in the dublane massacre-1996
-Methods-Peitions(to ban private ownership off handguns),realised poster to ban all handguns,marches,
-Success-Changed law firearm act in 1996-banned all handguns except 22 single shot weapons,+fire arms amendment act in 1997 banning remaining handguns.
Discuss how campaign for change affect policy making-Finns law-Pressure group
-Purpose of campaign:change the law-wanted a new animal welfare bill
-Driving force-Dog was stabbed extent of injuries-call for changes
-Methods used-Events,media,shop,websites(to get political support)
-success-Propsed law-Amendemenat to animal welfare act in 2006-Criminal offence to attack service dogs.
-Was a criminal offence in England and wales-society’s views started to change in the 20th century-began to hold more tolerant views.reulting in change in polic.
Changes due to
-
-Wolfedron report-homosexuality was decriminalised by the sexual offences act in 1967
—Influenced by the rise of indivualsim-the belief that the individual has the right to choose how to live their lives as long as they are not harming others.
-greater apathy towards religoun
-Stonewall campaign-calling for greater equality.
Explain how social changes have affected policy development.-homosexuality
Social changes-smoking
Used to be widley accepted in 1950s doctors used to give patients cigs to calm their nerves
-2015 smoking in vehicles with anyone under age of 18-made illegal
Health act 2006-smoking enclosed public spaces-illegal
-Knowledge of health problems has increased induced with smoking -leading to stricter laws induced with smoking -campaigns agaisnt smoking-tabocco advertising and promotion act 2002-banned all taboo promotions.
Social changes-Women rights
-Women had very few political and legal rights in the begining of the 20th century.
-Sterotyped as stay at home moms.
Changes due to
-suffragette movement fought for the right to vote,women rebelled agaisnt marriage,seeking equality.
-society slowly changed view about women-1928-given the right to vote.
-Response of women to war effort
-laws preventing sex discrimination-sex discriminatory act in 1975
Explain how social changes have affected policy development.
-LGBTQ rights
-Women’s rights
-Disability rights
-smoking
-The law on murder
Unit 1-analysing diff types of crime-name all types of crime AC1.1
Technological
-Hate(individual)-property damage,psycical attacks verbal threats
-honour(individual)e.g FGM,honour killing-defend family
-Domestic(individual)
-White collar crime-Money crime
-Moral-Goe agaisnt social norms/values-E.g prostitution,vagarany,assisted suicide
-State-Eg-torture,genocide,improvement without trail
Explain why crimes go unreported-unit 1 link -personal ac1.2
Personal
-fear
-shame-feel judged negatively by society
-disinterest-do not feel upset about the crime-lack of concern too trivial.
-unaffected-not impacted them as an individual they ignore it
Explain why crimes go unreported-social and cultural reasons unit 1 link AC1.2
-Complexity-complex in nature-may not understand crime has been commited.
Lack of media intrest-not widley prompted in the media-little public intrest
-lack of knowledge -unaware that certain actions count as criminal-unsure whether to report.
-lack of public concern
-Culture-Diff cultural values-influence what should/should not be reported.
Unit 1 link-explain consequences of unreported crime-Ripple effect AC1.3
The impact of crime spreads beyond the victim-e.g other family members such as children.
Unit 1 link Explain 5 consequnces of unreported crime AC1.3
-Ripple effect
-Decriminilsation
-Legal change
-Prodcural change
-Unrecorded crime
Unit 1 link-Explain the consequences of unreported crime-Legal change AC 1.3
Crimes that go unreported for a long time can be perceived as a human right,e.g attitudes to homosexuality
Unit 1 link-Impact of media’s representation of crime on the public perception of crime -changing public concern+moral panic AC1.5
-moral panic-Media over repsenets something that has happened-excessive public concern.Exagerates crime stats.
-Changing public concern+attitudes-if media focuses on particular crime it could make public more concerned about it to.
-Changing priority-reporting may see a shift in what is viewed as a priority crime.
Unit 1 explain the impact of the media’s representation of crime-Perceptions of crime trends+sterorytyping of criminals.AC1.5
Perception of crime trends-Often crime trends are viewed as increasing due to reporting of crime by media.
Stseortypiying of criminals-often occurs due to media reporting of crime.e.g young people and crime
Explain the impact of the media’s representation of crime on the public perception of crime AC1.5
-moral panic
-Perception of crime trends
-Changing concerns and attitudes
-steortyping of criiminals
-changing priorities and emphasises
Unit 1 link-Explain media representations of crime AC 1.4
Newspapers-sensationalise-over exaggerate frequency of certain crime-focus on serious offences
-TV-Unrealistic ideas of crime-sex crimes commited by someone victim knows-on TV psyopathic stranger.
-Films-Glamorise crime/don’t show true consequences of crime/unrealsitic.
Music-Romantices crime/glamorises it.-
Electronic gaming-Trivilises/unrealstic/glorifies it/Doesnt show consequences.-crime is a conquest.
Social media-fake news can be spread easily-crime without context can misrepresent and distort the crime.
Explain what is meant by decriminilation AC 1.3
-Laws are frequently amended because they cannot be enforced due to changing values in society.
-the goverment has little choice but to decriminalise it
-because it has to accept the crime can’t be controlled as people no longer take notice of the law
-E.g homosexuality
Explain how a pressure group campaign affected policy making-Unlock
-Purpose:change policy that limit opportunities for people with a crim record.
-Driving force:started by charity(pressure group)-noticed many people with a criminal record were facing disadvantage-wanted to promote equality.
-Methods:Media appearances +Website(used to advocate for people with criminal records+help move on with their life)
Success-By 2014-6,000 bank accounts had been opened for people to use once they have been relseased,114 prisons have links high street banks.
Examples in the media that have caused a moral panic.AC 1.5
-Killer clown 2017 Halloween-Media disordered event to make public more afraid.
-Mods and rockers-portrayed as folks devils-1960s media over exaggerated and distorted the numbers involved.
Sterotyepes of mods and rockers-bikes ect
Predicted more voilence and conflict would occur.
What campaigns to use for a question abt campaigns/pressure group
-Sarahs law
-Finns law
-Snowdrop
-unlock-Change the policy-That limit oppurtunities for people with a criminal record.
Explain consequences of unreported crime-Unrecorded crime /procedural changes AC1.5
Unrecorded crime-Crimes reported to police not always recorded as offences(may not have enough evidence)
-Produral change-Police make changes to how crimes can be reported making it more accessible/easier.
Evaluate methods used for campaigns for change-AC2.2
-Events-Effective way to launch campaign-costly and time consuming to organise,may not be well attending
-Advertising-Gain attention quickly,help reach audience,-No guarantee public will pay attention,expensive
-Viral messaging-cheap,quickly spread campaign to a wider audience.-can’t guarantee it goes viral,raises awareness but cannot guarantee action.
Assess sociological theories in informing policy development-Diversion policies-What does it involve?
-Diversion policies seek to help the offender outside of the crim justice system and avoid application of labels.
-OOCD-is a term for Outcomes given to children as alternatives to being charged for a criminal offence.(formal)
-(informal)e.g-involves the police’s discretion not to charge a suspect
-offences with a ACPO gravity score of 3 or below should be considered for diversion.
Assess the use of sociological theories in informing policy development-Diversion policy effectiveness?
-Application is not as useful where crimes are more serious.More diffulcut to use diversions policies for secondary deviance when there is a serious crime-reflected n the OOCD policy.
-Evidencde does support policies that mean the labelliling of offenders committing minor crimes is avoided.Young people have been able to avoid becoming involved in the crim justice system long term.
-They rely on police officers not using typifications when making descion about leniency.
