Ac1.2 Flashcards
Reasons why homosexuality law changed over time?-Wolfenden report
Report published in 1957 recommended homosexual acts between consenting adults aged 21 should be legalised in private areas.
After ww2 there was an increase in prosecutions of gay men-set up committee to consider to reform of law.
Reasons why homosexuality law changed over time?campaigns
-homosexual law reform society-successfully campaigned for the change in law-legalised gay sex in 1967
-stonewall led to equalising consent aged 16.
Explain how laws differ culture to culture-polygamy
It is legal in India and Singapore
It is illegal in Turkey and Tunisia,UK
reasons for cultural variations- religion and tradition.War-shortage of men-protect women’s rights+=look after women
Explain how laws differ from culture-culture-Adultery
It is legal in the UK and South Korea
It is illegal in certain states of the US for example Florida and Arizona punished by imprisonment
Reasons for variation-Religoun-more conservative countries-more likely to punish adultery.
-Status of women-illegal in countries where status of women is low.
Explain how laws differ from culture to culture-homoesexuality
-homosexuality same-sex marriage has been legal in England and Wales since 2014 under the same sex couples act in 2013 and in Scotland
-However due to cultural differences between Great Britain and Northern Ireland this was only recently introduced in late 2019
-illegal in Saudi Arabia,pakistan,Iran
-Reasons for cultural variations include religoun-many conservative countries condemn homosexuality.
-sexism-Male homosexuality illegal in more countries.
-public opinion-poll in some countries show higher levels of support for a ban.
Explain how low is differ from culture to culture cannabis use
Possession is illegal in the UK up to 5 years imprisonment
Canada and Yurie have legalised it sale
Portugal have decriminalised possession for personal use
-reasons for cultural variation is different norms and values
-differeent ideas about how to control drug use:Some countries see decriminalisation as a way to take out criminal dealers and other think harsh sentences work better.
Reasons why homosexuality law changed?-politicions
Roy Jenkins supported the campaign for change. He introduced the necessary legalisation in 1967.
Orders have introduced further legalisation such as 2010 equality act which outlaws discrimination of grounds of sexual orentation .
How laws change over time-Gun control laws?
Changes overtime in the UK laws governing access to firearms changed following 2mass shootings
1996-Dublin’s massacre
Most of the weapons used, including several semiautomatics capable of rapidly firing multiple rounds.
-1997-John majors conservative govermnet introduced an act banning all handguns-except 22 single shot weapons.
-Tony Blair’s goverment introduced a second fire arms act banning the remaining handguns as well-1997
-It is it is illegal to now own a handgun in Great Britain
How homosexuality changes over time?
-illegal in the uk in 1885-homosexual acts
-legal in England and wales in 1967-sexual offences act
-legal in Scotland in 1980
-legal in Northern Ireland in 1982
-1994 age of consent lowered to 18
-in 2000 age of consent was lowered to 16
-England and wales right to have same sex marriage-2013 same sex couples act
Reasons why gun control laws changed over time?
-The gun control network set up by lawyers, academics and parents of victims to campaign for tiighter gun control laws.
-The snowdrop campaign started by bereaved Dublin parents and their friends organised a petition and collected 750,000 signatures called in for a change in the law.
How drug laws change over time?
-Portuguese case-2001 possession of drugs was changed from a crime to a civil offence,if the quantity involved was less than for a 10 day personal supply.
Reasons for change-after a revolution in 1975 Portugal became a democracy-and increase openness of the country led to a large influx of drugs
-decriminisaltion-drug use should be regarded as a public health issue aimed at harm reduction rather than an issue for the criminal justice system-referred to support services rather than being prosecuted.
-since change in law drug use has fallen sharply.
Reasons why drug laws changed over time?
-rapid growth in drug addiction in Portugal after 1975-led to calls for drastic action to tackle problem.
-It was also felt that as a poor country the new law would reduce the costs resulting from drug use .
How laws differ from culture to culture+place
-homosexuality
-polygamy
-cannabis use
-adultery
How laws change over time?
Talk about homosexuality,gun control laws and drug laws and laws relating to children.
Name the 3 reasons why homosexuality law changed over time?
Wolfredan report,campaigns and polictions and also changes in public opinion-people were no longer reporting homosexuality-less people of Christian faith.
Explain the social contrsuction of criminality
-no universal law
-laws are constructed by societies,laws reflect the social norms,values and mores,these laws are fluid and change with societies attitudes.
-laws are different in different places
How laws are applied differently according to ciruimastances that occur.-Age of reesponsibility
-The age below which a child is deemed not to have the capability to commit a crime.
-children below a certain age are unable to understand the full meaning of the act they commited
How laws change over time-Laws relating to children?
-until the 13th century the idea of childhood didn’t exist-children put to work at early age
-Law made no distinction between children and adults
-now childhood is a very distinct time of peoples lives
Reasons why laws relating to children changed over time?
-Compulsory schooling-Elementery education act 1970.
-Child protection:2004 children act-child welfare fundamental principle
-Children’s rights:UN convection on the rights of child(1939)-payed down basic rights/entitlement ment to healthcare
