indicators used to measure and understand health status Flashcards
what is health status
Health status refers to an individual’s overall health condition at a given point in time. It includes both objective factors (like medical diagnoses, physical exam results, and lab tests) and subjective factors (like how a person feels about their health). Health status provides a snapshot of physical, mental, and social well-being, often used to assess if someone is healthy, at risk, or managing a condition.
examples are For example, a person’s health status could be described as “excellent,” “good,” “fair,” or “poor,” depending on their physical exam, lifestyle, and self-reported well-being.
what is a health status indicator
A health status indicator is a measure used to assess and describe the overall health of an individual or population. These indicators can be objective (based on data or medical tests) or subjective (based on self-reports or perceptions of health). Health status indicators help track the prevalence of diseases, health trends, and the effectiveness of health policies.
what are the health status indicators
incidence
prevalence
morbidity
burden of disease
disability-adjusted life year (DALY)
years of life lost (YLL)
years lived with disability (YLD)
life expectancy
health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
mortality (maternal, infant and under five)
self-assessed health status
what is incidence
Incidence:
* Definition: The number of new cases of a disease or condition that occur in a specific population during a defined period of time.
* Example: The incidence rate of flu in a city over the winter season.
what is prevalence
Prevalence:
* Definition: The total number of cases (both new and existing) of a disease or condition in a specific population at a particular point in time.
* Example: The prevalence of diabetes in a country as of a specific year.
what is morbidity
Morbidity:
* Definition: Refers to the state of being diseased or the incidence of illness or disease in a population.
* Example: The morbidity rate for heart disease in a population.
what is burden of disease
burden of disease measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation on which everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability
it is measured with daly
what is DALY
Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY):
* Definition: A metric used to measure the overall disease burden, combining years of life lost (YLL) due to premature death and years lived with a disability (YLD).
* Example: A person with a disability for 10 years may contribute 10 YLD, and if they die 5 years early due to that disability, their DALY score would account for both the disability and the premature death.
what is years of life lost
Years of Life Lost (YLL):
* Definition: The number of years lost due to premature death, calculated by subtracting the age at death from the life expectancy for a given population.
* Example: If a person dies at age 50, and the life expectancy is 80, the YLL for that death is 30 years.
what is years lived with disablitity
Years Lived with Disability (YLD):
* Definition: The number of years lived with a disability or illness, weighted by the severity of the disability.
* Example: If someone lives 5 years with a severe disability, they contribute 5 years to the YLD calculation.
what is life expencancy
Life Expectancy:
* Definition: The average number of years a person can expect to live, based on current mortality rates in a population.
* Example: A country with a life expectancy of 75 years means, on average, individuals in that country are expected to live to 75.
what is health adjusted life expencancy
Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE):
* Definition: The average number of years a person can expect to live in full health, accounting for both life expectancy and the time spent in less than optimal health due to disease or injury.
* Example: A person in a country with a life expectancy of 80 but experiences 5 years of illness might have a HALE of 75 years.
what is (under 5, maternal and infant mortality)
Mortality (Maternal, Infant, and Under Five):
* Maternal Mortality: The number of maternal deaths (deaths related to pregnancy or childbirth) per 100,000 live births.
* Infant Mortality: The number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births.
* Under-Five Mortality: The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1,000 live births.
* Example: A high maternal mortality rate can indicate inadequate healthcare during pregnancy or childbirth.
what is self assessed health status
self-Assessed Health Status:
* Definition: A measure of how individuals perceive and evaluate their own health, typically assessed through surveys where people rate their health (e.g., excellent, good, fair, poor).
* Example: In a health survey, respondents may report that they feel their health is “good,” even if they don’t have a diagnosed disease.
what is mortality
- Mortality refers to the number of deaths in a population during a specific time period. It is often expressed as a rate, such as the mortality rate, which is the number of deaths per 1,000 or 100,000 people in a given population over a certain time frame (usually annually).
what is access to health care
Access to Health Care: The availability and utilization of health services, such as the number of healthcare providers or the percentage of people with health insurance.
