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Chemistry > indicators, acids, bases, alkalis > Flashcards

indicators, acids, bases, alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an acid?

A

a substance which when dissolved in water contains hydrogen ions
the stronger the acid the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions

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2
Q

what ph do acids have?

A

0-3

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3
Q

acid examples:

A

hydrohloric acid (hcl), sulfuric acid (h2so4), ethanoic acid (ch3co2h)

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4
Q

what is a base?

A

a substance that neutralises acid

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5
Q

base examples:

A

sodium hydroxide (naoh), magnesium oxide (mgo), ammonia (nh3)

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6
Q

what is an alkali?

A

bases which dissolve in water

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7
Q

what ph do alkali have?

A

strong: 11-14, weak: 8-11

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8
Q

alkali examples:

A

sodium hydroxide (naoh), calcium hydroxide (ca(oh)2), ammonia (nh3)

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9
Q

what is the ph scale?

A

measures the acidity/alkalinity of a substance dissolved in water (0-14)

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10
Q

what phs does everything have?

A

acidic: <7
neutral: 7
alkaline: >7

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11
Q

what are indicators?

A

substance that indicate the presence of an acid or soluble base

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12
Q

what colours does litmus paper turn?

A

acid: red
neutral: purple
basic: blue

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13
Q

what colours does a universal indicator turn?

A

acid: red
neutral: green
basic: blue

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14
Q

what are salts?

A

neutral substances formed when an acid and base react.

the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a metal

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15
Q

what happens when a metal and acid react?

A

they form a salt and give off hydrogen
ie metal + acid á salt + hydrogen
eg zinc + sulfuric acid a zinc sulfate + hydrogen
zn+h2so4 á znso4+h2

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16
Q

what happens when acids react with a base/alkali?

A

they form a salt and water
ie base + acid á salt + water
copper oxide + sulfuric acid á copper sulfate + water
h2so4+cuo á cuso4+h2o

17
Q

what are carbonates?

A

when acids react with carbonates, forming a salt and water and giving off carbon dioxide
acid + carbonate á salt + water + carbon dioxide
hydrochloric acid + calcium carbonate á calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
2hcl+caco3 á cacl2+h2o+co2

18
Q

what is neutralisation?

A

when an acid reacts with a base
slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) neutralises acidity in soil or lakes affected by acid rain
neutralisation reactions are exothermic

Chemistry (10 decks)

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