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Pharm II Exam 4 > Indications > Flashcards

Indications Flashcards

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1
Q

Phenytoin

A

Seizures

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2
Q

5-fluorouracil (5FU)

A

Colon, breast, gastroesophageal, hepatocellular, pancreatic carcinomas

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3
Q

Codeine

A

Analgesia

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4
Q

Warfarin

A

Anticoagulant

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5
Q

Albendazole

A

Nematodes generally (but can be used for certain cestode and trematode infections)

Active drug, GI absorbed

Good for systemic infections and infections in gut

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6
Q

Mebendazole

A

Nematodes generally (but can be used for certain cestode and trematode infections)

Active drug, NOT GI absorbed

Good for infections localized in lumen of gut

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7
Q

Ivermectin

A

Nematodes
Onchocerciasis AKA African River Blindness (in
combo w/ steroids)

Lymph filariasis (in combo with albendazole)

Ineffective against trematodes & cestodes

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8
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate

A

Nematodes in GI lumen

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9
Q

Diethylcarbamazine

A

Nematodes

Loiasis

Lymph. filariasis (in combo w/
albendazole)

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10
Q

Praziquantal

A

Trematodes – schistosomiasis

Cestodes

neffective against nematodes

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11
Q

Benzimidazole effects what stages?

A

Eggs, larvae/ microfilariae, adults

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12
Q

Ivermectin effects what stages?

A

Larvae/ microfilariae

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13
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate effects what stages?

A

Larvae, adults

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14
Q

Diethylcarbamazine effects what stages?

A

Larvae/ microfilariae, adults

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15
Q

Praziquantal effects what stages?

A

Immature stages, adults

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16
Q

Artemisinins

A

First line therapy

Targets blood stages P. falciparum(some gametocytocidal action) asexual blood stages of P. vivax

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17
Q

Chloroquine Phosphate

A

Drug of choice

Highly effective against chloroquine‐S P falciparum asexual blood stages, w/ some gametocytocidal activity

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18
Q

Quinne Sulfate

A

Mainstay for chloroquine resistant and MDR P. falciparum asexual blood stages

Gametocyticidal against P.vivax & P.ovale

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19
Q

Primaquine

A

Acts on primary and latent hepatic stages of plasmodia

*only agent that can eradicate liverstages of P. vivax and P. ovale

Effective against relapse in P. vivax and P. ovale

Gametocytocidal against P. falciparum

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20
Q

Atovaquone

A

Active against P.falciparum asexual blood stages and primary liver stages (not P.vivax)

*Used for chemoprophylaxis/uncomplicated P.falciparum

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21
Q

Proguanil

A

Active against asexual blood and primary liver stages of P.falciparum and acute P.vivax

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22
Q

Clindamycin

A

Areas with chloroquine‐resistant P falciparum combine w/ quinine for pregnant women infected w/ malaria

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23
Q

Isoniazid (INH)

A

Most effective tx in susceptible strains of TB

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24
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

TB

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25
Q

Ethambutol

A

TB

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26
Q

Rifampin

A

TB

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27
Q

Streptomycin

A

Used in severe cases of TB

28
Q

Bedaquiline

A

MDR TB x 24 wks

29
Q

Amhotericin B

A

Used for serious life-threatening systemic mycotic infections because it has the broadest spectrum of action

30
Q

Nystatin

A

Localized candidal infections including oropharyngealthrush and vaginal candida

31
Q

Fluconazole

A

Drug of choice for cryptococcal meningitis and pphx

32
Q

Itraconazole

A

Dimorphism fungi histoplasmosis, blastomyces and sporothrix

33
Q

Voriconazole

A

Invasive aspergillosis (better outcomes and less toxicity than amp b)

34
Q

Caspofungin

A

Aspergillus and candida

Invasive aspergillosis in pts non-responsive to voriconazole*

35
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Nail fungal infection (dermatophytosis) but must be on it for 6-9 mo fingernails and up to a year for toeneails

36
Q

Terbinafine

Lamisil

A

3 mo tx for keratophillic fungal infections

37
Q

Flucytosine

A

Used with amphotericin B to treat systemic cryptococcus neoformans

Used with itraconazole for chromoblastomycosis

38
Q

Acyclovir

A

First line against Herpes simplex encephalitis, neonatal HSV and severe HSV or
VZV infections

LT genital herpes suppression and cutaneous zoster or varicella

HSV-1, HSV-2&raquo_space; VZV (need higher dose for VZV)

39
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Tx/pphx for CMV post-transplantation

40
Q

Foscarnet

A

CMV retinitis (in AIDS pts), acyclovir-resistant HSV infection/VZV infection (off-label)

41
Q

Zanamivir (Relenza)

A

Useful against oselatamivir resistant strains

42
Q

Amantidine

A

Influenza A and B

43
Q

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

A

Influenza A and B

44
Q

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

A

HIV-1 and HIV-2

45
Q

Abacavir

A

Combo w/ lamivudine

HIV-1 and HIV-2

46
Q

Lamivudine

A

HIV-1 and HIV-2

Used in HBV tx

47
Q

Emtricitibine

A

HIV-1 and HIV-2

Used in HBV tx

48
Q

Tenofovir (AF/DF)

A

Coadmin w/ emtricitabine as 1st line RTI backbone therapy

49
Q

Efavirenz

A

HIV-1

Lacks in vitro activity against HIV-2

50
Q

Ritonavir

A

Used with other PI to ↑ serum levels (as a booster) to have less freq dosing and more tolerability

51
Q

Darunavir

A

Ritonavir/Darunavir treatment of choice for treatment naïve patients

52
Q

Atazanavir

A

Ritonavir/Atazanavir tx of choice for tx naïve patients

53
Q

Lopinavir

A

Only available as a fixed dose combo w/ritonavir

Can be used during preg

54
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

Only for tx experienced HIV pts w/ o ongoing HIV replication

Not for HIV-2

55
Q

Maraviroc

A

Used in HIV1 strains resistant to other drugs

Not first line therapy

56
Q

Doutegravir

A

Used in pts w/resistant HIV in combo therapy (but approved for all pts)

Efective in HIV resistant to other INSTIs

57
Q

Garlic

A

Hypolipidemic

Other uses: ↓ BP, ↓ platelet aggregation, antimicrobial

58
Q

Ginko

A

Improve memory

59
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

Antidepressant

60
Q

Ginseng

A

Proposed to ↑ steroid production, NO production

“Adaptogen” and general cure-all

61
Q

Black Cohosh

A

Relief from sx of menopause (hot flashes), premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

62
Q

Glucosamine

A

Improve pain and swelling in OA

63
Q

Fish Oil (Omega 3)

A

Hyperlipidemia, HTN, CV dz prevention, macular degeneration, ADD, RA

Good bc little to no mercury which is in fish meat

64
Q

Kratom

A

Relief from pain, anxiety and depression

Often exhibits opioid-like effects → can produce euphoria

65
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Cough, cold and allergy

66
Q

Loperamide

A

Anti-diarrheal

Pharm II Exam 4 (7 decks)

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