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Pharm II Exam 1 > Indications > Flashcards

Indications Flashcards

1
Q

Benzocaine

A

“Short acting” ester type local anesthetics

topical

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2
Q

Procaine (Novocaine)

A

“Short acting” ester type local anesthetics

infiltration, epidural, spinal

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3
Q

Cocaine

A

“Short acting” ester type local anesthetic for topical use in throat and nose procedures – readily absorbed through mucous membrane

Vasoconstrictive properties that may help to limit systemic absorption

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4
Q

Lidocaine

A

“Longer acting” amide type local anesthetics

infiltration, Bier block, peripheral, epidural, spinal, MC used*

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5
Q

Ropivacaine

A

“Longer acting” amide type local anesthetics

peripheral

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6
Q

Epinephrine

A

Reduce systemic absorption of local anesthetics by vasoconstriction

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7
Q

Clonidine

A

Can be used in conjunction with LAs for epidural and spinal administration to further reduce pain transmission

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8
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A

Treat convulsions due to systemic absorption of LA into CNS

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9
Q

Nitrous Oxide advantages

A

Can be useful as analgesic used 70-80% NO in O2

Rapid induction/recovery

Little toxicity

Analgesia before anesthesia

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10
Q

Isoflurane advantages

A

CO maintained, systemic vessels dilate causing small ↓ in BP, potent coronary vasodil and arrhythmias are uncommon

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11
Q

Sevoflurane advantages

A

Can be used for outpatient anesthesia because of rapid profile

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12
Q

Desflurane advantages

A

Useful for outpatient surgery due to rapid onset and recovery

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13
Q

Propofol advantages

A

Rapid metabolism and recovery

Little accumulation

“Milk of amnesia” → hypnotic and forgetful rest

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14
Q

Etomidate advantages

A

Antagonist available (if OD this is good to have)

Anterograde amnesia

Cardiovascular stability → used for pts at risk of hypotension

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15
Q

Ketamine advantages

A

Analgesia

No respiratory depression but may ↑ BP

Hypnotic state- dissociative anesthesia (somewhat aware of surroundings not amnesia)

Adverse effects less common in children

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16
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

anxiety

↑ amnesia

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17
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Prevent allergic rxn + sedation

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18
Q

Ondansetron

A

Prevent aspiration of stomach contents

↓ post surgical nausea and vomiting

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19
Q

Opioids

A

analgesia

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20
Q

Scopolamine

A

Amnesia, prevent bradycardia and fluid secretion (esp in trachea)

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21
Q

Atropine

A

Amnesia, prevent bradycardia and fluid secretion (esp in trachea)

22
Q

Pancuronium

A

Facilitation of intubation

23
Q

Diazepam (Valium®)

A

Severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome leading to convulsions

24
Q

Clonidine, Propranolol

A

Used to treat mild alcohol withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, insomnia, tremors, muscle aches, sweating, cramping and arrhythmias

25
Q

Disulfiram

A

Alcohol aversion therapy → prevent relapse in recovering alcoholics

26
Q

Naltrexone

A

Anti-craving therapy; prevent relapse in recovering alcoholics

Dose dependent effect

27
Q

Naloxone

A

Suspect recovering alcoholic is abusing opioids → perform Narcan challenge test prior to treatment with naltrexone

28
Q

Acamprosate, Topiramate

A

Anti-craving medications for recovering alcoholics. These drugs are are also used as anti- epileptic meds

29
Q

Fomepizole, Ethanol

A

Used to treat methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning; given IV in conjunction with hemodialysis to remove poisons and bicarbonate to treat acidosis

30
Q

N- acetylcysteine (NAC)

A

Used to treat chronic alcoholics suspected of acetaminophen poisoning. Poisoning can lead to irreversible liver damage

31
Q

Ribavirin (HCV)

A

Wide activity against influenza A and B, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), paramyxoviruses, HCV, and HIV-1

32
Q

Pegylated (Peg) Interferon

A

HBV and HCV, anti-tumor activity

33
Q

Simeprevir

A

One of most effective drugs for HCV

Activity against all HCV genotypes (1-6) AND those resistant to Pis (pangenotypic)

34
Q

Ledipasvir

A

HCV genotype 1 (MC)

Harvoni is approved for HCV/HIV co-infection

35
Q

H2 Receptor Antagonists

A

PUD

GERD

36
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI)

A

PUD

GERD

Multi-therapy for H. Pylori

First choice in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

37
Q

Antacids

A

Good choice for occasional heartburn but NOT for LT use (less compliance than H2 blockers or PPI)

Dyspepsia, symptomatic relief of PUD/GERD

38
Q

Mucosal Protective Agents

A

PUD

GERD

39
Q

PG Analogs

A

PUD

GERD

40
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Cytotoxic drug induced emesis (chemotherapy)

41
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Cytotoxic drug induced emesis (chemotherapy)

42
Q

Lubiprostone

A

Treatment of idiopathic chronic constipation and IBS

43
Q

Linaclotide

A

Idiopathic constipation and IBS with predominant constipation

44
Q

Mg(OH)2

A

IBS-C

45
Q

Loperamide

A

IBS-D

46
Q

Alosetron

A

IBS-D

FDA approved ONLY for women with diarrhea predominant IBS

47
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Ulcerative colitis 1st line tx

most effective in SI

48
Q

Prednisone

A

IBD NOT for LT therapy

49
Q

Azathioprine

A

LT theraoy for IBD

50
Q

Infliximab (Remicade)

A

Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis

Pharm II Exam 1 (7 decks)

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