Indians Flashcards
- Explain the impact of the horse on the Indians? What change occurred in the mid-1700s?
Allowed them to travel farther and more efficiently. By 1700’s many had left their farms to roam the plains and hunt buffalo
- What was the major difference between the Osage and Iowa tribes of the Missouri River and the Cheyenne and Lakota of the Plains?
a. Osage and Iowa tribes settled along the Missouri River
b. Cheyenne and Lakota were nomadic
- What is “counting coup?”
a practice that gained warrior honor
- How were leaders of the tribe chosen? How was land use determined?
No individual ruled the group. Leaders ruled by counsel. Land was held in common for the whole tribe.
- What year was the Sand Creek Massacre? What role did Col. Chivington play in the massacre?
- Col. Chivington lead the massacre.
Chief of the Sioux = unsuccessfully appealed white settlement on the Bozeman trail
red cloud
Sioux leader who did not sign the Ft. Laramie treaty
sitting bull
warrior who started the battle of Hundred Slain when ambushed Captain Fetterman and killed over 80 soldiers
crazy horse
- What was the main goal of the Dawes Act (Allotment Act)?
natives to white
List the specific actions taken according to the Dawes Act?
a. Broke up reservations à forced natives to want/own land
b. Make natives farm
- What to groups have been recorded as reaching the Americas before Columbus?
vikings euros
- What did Columbus force the Natives to do?
bring gold
What happened if no gold done by the natives was not efficient enough for Columbus?
They were killed in groups of 13 = represents Christ and the 12 disciples
- What did the Spaniards believe about conquering the Americas?
It was their god given right
- What was the Requirement?
The rules that the natives must follow. And the outcome if they did not follow those rules.
- What happened if the boys did not attend these schools?
Their rations were cut
- What did the Ft. Laramie Treaty of 1851 establish? And what did it aim to do?
Establishes the Great Sioux Reservation. Aimed to stop violence between the settlers and natives
List and explain the misunderstanding between the whites and the natives
Natives didn’t believe in owning private property or owning the earth.
b. Religion was based on nature and they considered all things sacred.
c. Natives had a subsistent economy and didn’t understand the idea of accumulating wealth.
- What was Grattan’s Fight?
A battle between the natives and the whites. Result of a native killing a dying cow. And the whites wanting to kill the Indian in return
- What is Grattan’s Fight evidence of?
US military attitude toward Native Americans – lack of respect and of understanding
- What is Chivington’s Massacre also called?
Sand Creek
- What right does the Treaty of 1868 give to the natives?
They can hunt buffalo on the land as long as there are enough buffalo to justify the hunt
- What must be done for an Indian to claim land? What does it result in?
He must give his name to the Indian agent. à Natives given white Christian names
- How does the treaty show the natives that farming is valued more than hunting?
Those who farm are given more money than those who hunt.
- What is an Indian agent? What is his/her job?
A person who works for the government and lives on the reservation to watch over the idians. They distribute rations and give land.
- What is the commissioner of Indian affairs? What is his/her job?
The person who determines what happens to the Indians on the reservation. They live in D.C
- What is the Battle of Little Big Horn?
A battle between the Indians (Cheyenne and Lakota and Gen. Custer) 1875
- What is the name of the reservation Sitting Bulls’ people settled on?
Standing Rock
- What is the name of the reservation Red Cloud’s people settled on?
Pine Ridge
- What does the Federal Court Case of 1883 do?
Prevent the speaking of the Lakota language
- What amendment does the outcome of the 1883 case undemand?
1st
- What is Hunkpapa Lakota?
Sitting Bull’s people fled standing rock and join big foot on his journey to the Pine Ridge Reservation
- What does the Dawes Act do?
Establishes the 7 reservations
- What was the Massacre at Wounded Knee?
The mass killing of hundreds of unarmed natives
- What did the Massacre at Wounded Knee mark?
End of Indian resistance to being placed on reservations
- What do the Lakota refer to the Massacre at Wounded Knee as?
The day the “circle was broken”
- What does “circle was broken” signify?
The circle = sacred to the Lakota = symbolizes how all people are related and connected.
