Indian ports Flashcards
Major vs Minor Ports
India has 13 major ports under the central government and over 200 minor ports under state governments.
Mumbai Port
A natural harbor and the largest port in India. Handles general cargo, petroleum, and chemicals. Key for the Maharashtra-Gujarat region.
Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT)
Located near Mumbai, it is India’s largest container port. Specializes in containerized cargo and supports global trade.
Kolkata Port
Inland riverine port on the Hooghly River. It’s India’s oldest port and handles jute, tea, and coal for eastern India and northeastern states.
Haldia Port
Built to reduce the burden on Kolkata Port. Handles petroleum, coal, and chemicals. Located in West Bengal.
Chennai Port
Second largest port in India. Handles automobiles, iron ore, and granite. Crucial for southern India’s trade.
Ennore Port (Kamarajar Port)
India’s first corporate port. Mainly handles coal, petroleum, and LNG for power and energy sectors in Tamil Nadu.
Visakhapatnam Port
The deepest port in India. Handles iron ore, coal, and crude oil. Key for Andhra Pradesh’s mineral exports.
Paradip Port
Located in Odisha, this port specializes in coal and iron ore exports. Essential for the mineral belt of eastern India.
Cochin Port
A natural harbor in Kerala. Handles spices, tea, and petroleum. Key for trade with the Gulf and Southeast Asia.
New Mangalore Port
Handles iron ore, fertilizers, and edible oils. Supports industrial areas in Karnataka and nearby regions.
Marmagao Port
Located in Goa, it is a major iron ore exporting port. Also handles fertilizers and bulk cargo.
Tuticorin Port (V.O. Chidambaranar Port)
Handles coal, salt, and general cargo. Important for Tamil Nadu’s trade with Sri Lanka and the Maldives.
Kandla Port (Deendayal Port)
Located in Gujarat. Handles crude oil, salt, and food grains. Vital for northwestern India’s trade.
Port Blair
Located in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Supports cargo and passenger traffic between the islands and the mainland.
Importance of Ports
Ports are gateways of international trade. They support industries, employment, and economic development.
Port Connectivity
Ports are connected to the hinterland through railways, roads, and inland waterways, facilitating the movement of goods.
Classification of Ports - Based on Location
- Natural Ports (e.g., Mumbai, Kochi) - Artificial Ports (e.g., Chennai) - Tidal Ports (e.g., Kandla).
Classification of Ports - Based on Function
- Trade Ports (e.g., Mumbai) - Fishing Ports (e.g., Veraval) - Passenger Ports (e.g., Port Blair).
Role of Ports in Regional Development
Ports attract industries and settlements, promote urbanization, and enable global market access for local products.
Galathea Bay Transshipment Port
Location: Great Nicobar Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Significance: Envisioned to capture transshipment cargo from ports on the Indian East Coast, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Capacity Goals: Aim to handle 4 million TEUs by 2028 and 16 million TEUs by 2058. Development Phases: Four phases with a total estimated cost of ₹43,796 crore. Source: PIB Press Release
Vadhavan Port
Location: Vadhavan, Palghar district, Maharashtra. Type: Offshore deep-sea port. Significance: Designed to handle ultra-large container ships with a natural draft of over 20 meters. Development: Joint venture between Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (74% stake) and Maharashtra Maritime Board (26% stake). Source: Wikipedia - Vadhavan Port
Vizhinjam International Seaport
Location: Vizhinjam, Kerala. Operator: Adani Ports. Significance: Positioned near international shipping routes, aiming to reduce India’s reliance on foreign ports for transshipment. Recent Development: Trial operations began in July 2024; full operations expected by December 2024. Investment: Additional $1.2 billion committed by Adani Ports for expansion. Source: Reuters
Jalna Dry Port
Location: Near Jalna, Maharashtra. Developed By: Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT). Significance: Enhances logistics and cargo handling for the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor. Inauguration: March 12, 2024. Operator: Container Corporation of India (CONCOR). Source: Wikipedia - Jalna Dry Port
