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Indian Art and Culture - Nitin Singhania > Indian Paintings > Flashcards

Indian Paintings Flashcards

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1
Q

Where were primitive paintings found in caves ?

A

Bhimbetaka Mirzapur (TV show with this name is there) Panchmarhi

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2
Q

When was the real beginning of Indian painting ?

A

Gupta Age

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3
Q

What is a shadanga ?

A

Principle/limb

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4
Q

In Kamasutra, how many shadanga are mentioned for paintings ?

A

6

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5
Q

Who wrote Kamasutra ?

A

Vatsyana

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6
Q

When was Kamasutra written ?

A

3rd Century AD

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7
Q

What is Rupabheda ?

A

Variety of Form

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8
Q

What is Sadrisyan ?

A

Portrayal of likeliness

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9
Q

What is Bhava ?

A

Creation of shine and gleam with colours

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10
Q

What is Varnikabhanga ?

A

Mixing colours to resemble modelling

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11
Q

What is Pramanam ?

A

Proportion of the subject

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12
Q

What is Lavanyayoganam ?

A

Immersion of emotions

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13
Q

Representation of lore on textiles is called ?

A

Lepya Chitra

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14
Q

Which play by Vishakadutta is important to understand different painting styles ?

A

Mudrarakshasa

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15
Q

What is the main feature of Cauka Pitaka ?

A

Isolated framed drawings

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16
Q

What is Dighala Pitaka’s main feature ?

A

Long scroll

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17
Q

What is Yama Pitaka ?

A

Isolated painting

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18
Q

What are rock engravings called ?

A

Petroglyphs

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19
Q

Name of archeologist who found paintings in Bhimbetaka caves ?

A

V.S. Wakankar

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20
Q

Why are they called Zoo Rock Shelter ?

A

Depicts many animals - elephants, rhinos, snakes

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21
Q

What are three main phases of pre-historic paintings ?

A

Upper Paleolithic Mesolithic Chalcolithic

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22
Q

What was the most common material of Upper Paleolithic Period ?

A

Ochre or Geru, with lime and water

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23
Q

What colours did they draw in Paleolithic Period ?

A

Red, green, yellow, white

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24
Q

What was the major change in the Mesolithic Period ?

A

Paintings became smaller, more red

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25
Q

What was the most common scene depicted in Mesolithic Period ?

A

Group hunting

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26
Q

What the change in Chalcolithic Period ?

A

Green and Yellow increased

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27
Q

What was the most common scene depicted in Chalcolithic Period ?

A

Battle scenes, Men riding with horses Bow and arrows

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28
Q

Some sites of Chalcolithic Period ?

A

Jogimara caves, (Ramgarh, Chhattisgarh) Chitwa Dongri

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29
Q

Where are the Bhimbetka Rock Paintings ?

A

Vidhyan Ranges, MP

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30
Q

What are works on walls called ?

A

Murals

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31
Q

What are the most common themes of Mural paintings ?

A

Hindu, Buddhist, Jain

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32
Q

When were Ajanta Ellora caves made ?

A

4th Century BC, Under Mauryan and Sunga Empire

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33
Q

What are some things that makes Ajanta unique ?

A

Each female figure has unique hairstyle Outline is red ochre Animals have emotions

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34
Q

What are the themes of Ajanta caves ?

A

Jataka stories to Buddhism

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35
Q

What are the Jataka tales about ?

A

Previous lives of Gautama Buddha

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36
Q

Where are Ajanta and Ellora caves ?

A

Aurangabad, Maharashtra

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37
Q

Theme of Ellora caves ?

A

Lakshmi, Vishnu, Shiva, Apsaras

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38
Q

Where are Bagh caves ?

A

Madhya Pradesh

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39
Q

Difference between Bagh caves and Ajanta ?

A

Figures are more tightly outlined, more earthly Both are about Jataka tales

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40
Q

Where is Rang Mahal ?

A

Cave no 4 of Bagh Caves

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41
Q

Where is Armamalai Cave Paintings ?

A

Vellore, Tamil Nadu

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42
Q

What is in Armamalai ?

A

Jain temples, made in 8th century

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43
Q

What is depicted in mural paintings of Amamalai ?

A

Astathik Palakas (8 corners of Jainism)

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44
Q

Where is Sittanavasal Cave ?

A

Northwest of Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu

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45
Q

When were paintings made in Sittanavasal ?

A

Pallava period, King Mahendravaram

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46
Q

What is the central element of Sittanavasal Cave ?

A

Pond with lotuses

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47
Q

Where is Ravan Chhaya Rock Shelter ?

A

Keonjhar District, Odisha

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48
Q

What is the shape of Ravan Chhaya Rock Shelter caves ?

A

Half-opened umbrella

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49
Q

Theme of Ravan Chhaya Rock Shelter Caves ?

A

Royal Procession

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50
Q

Where are Lepakshi Paintings ?

A

Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh

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51
Q

Where in Lepakshi are mural paintings made ?

A

Veerabhadra temple walls

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52
Q

When were paintings made in Lepakshi ?

A

16th Century, Vijayanagara Period

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53
Q

Theme of Lepakshi ?

A

Ramayana, Mahbharata.

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54
Q

How are the Lepakshi paintings ?

A

No Primary colour, Black and white outline

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55
Q

Where are Jogimara Cave Paintings ?

A

Surguja, Chhattisgarh

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56
Q

Where were paintings in Jogimara Cave Paintings made ?

A

1000-300 BC

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57
Q

What is depicted in Jogimara ?

A

Love story of Brahmi script

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58
Q

Which rock cut theater is near Jogimara ?

A

Sitabenga

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59
Q

Where are Badami Cave paintings ?

A

Karnataka

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60
Q

When was Badami Cave Paintings made ?

A

6-7th century AD

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61
Q

Theme of Badami Cave Paintings ?

A

Jain Saints, Shiva and Parvati Puranic tales

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62
Q

What is a miniature painting ?

A

Small and detailed painting

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63
Q

Two prominent schools of miniature paintings ?

A
  1. Pala 2. Apabhramsa
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64
Q

When was Pala School of Art flourishing ?

A

750-1150 AD

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65
Q

Pala paintings were done on ?

A

Palm leaf or vellum paper

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66
Q

Prominent painters of Pala school ?

A

Dhimman Vitapala

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67
Q

Where was Apabhramsa School originated from ?

A

Gujarat and Mewar, (Rajasthan)

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68
Q

When was Apabhramsa School founded ?

A

11-15th Century

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69
Q

Famous painting from Apabhramsa School ?

A

Kalpasutra Kalakacharya Katha

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70
Q

Good example of an illustrated manuscript in Delhi Sultanate during Nasir Shah’s reign

A

Nimatanama (Cookery)

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71
Q

Another style prevalent in Delhi Sultanate period ?

A

Lodi Khuladar

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72
Q

What is an important technique that Mughal invasion bought to Indian painting ?

A

Foreshortening Calligraphy

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73
Q

Names of the two painters whom Humayun sponsored ?

A

Abdus Samad Mir Sayyid Ali

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74
Q

During Akbar’s reign, Abdus and Sayyid created a famous manuscript on the tales of a parrot called ?

A

Tutinama

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75
Q

Name of artistic studio which Akbar founded ?

A

Tasvir Khana

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76
Q

Famous painters of Akbar’s court ?

A

Daswant Basawan Kesu

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77
Q

Apart from Tutinama, other famous manuscripts during Akbar’s reign ?

A

Hamzanama, Gulistan of Sadi

78
Q

Famous artist during Jahangir ?

A

Ustad Mansoor

79
Q

Famous manuscript with complex animal faces during Jahangir’s time ?

A

Ayar-i-Danish

80
Q

Who encouraged artists to use pencils and charcoal ?

A

Shah Jahan

81
Q

Who is a figure who is dominant in Mewar paintings ?

A

Shaibdin

82
Q

Unique point of Mewar paintings ?

A

Tamasha Paintings (Show court ceremonies)

83
Q

Kisangarh school of painting is about ?

A

Sawant Singh and Bani Thani

84
Q

Famous painter of Kisangarh school of painting

A

Nihal Chand

85
Q

What are the twin kingdoms of Bundi and Kota collectively called ?

A

Hadoti

86
Q

What are Bundi school paintings about ?

A

Local vegetation, Red ribbon in sky Krishna bhakti

87
Q

What is Amber school also called ?

A

Dhundar

88
Q

The folk styled paintings of Mewar reached it’s peak under whom ?

A

Sawai Pratap Singh

89
Q

When was Sawai Pratap Singh alive ?

A

18th Century AD

90
Q

Marwar school of painting is from ?

A

Jodhpur and Bikaner

91
Q

When was Marwar flourishing ?

A

15-16th century

92
Q

Famous painting of Man Singh from Marwar ?

A

Durgacharitra

93
Q

Two of the greatest painters from Pahari style ?

A

Nainsukh Manaku

Pahari school of painting represents the hilly regions of Jammu , Garhwal , Kumaon etc. It includes Badsholi and Kumaon styles

94
Q

When was Basholi school created ?

A

17th century

95
Q

Famous painter of Basholi school ?

A

Devi Das

96
Q

Main patron of Kangra school ?

A

Raja Sansar Chand

97
Q

Ragamala paintings are about ?

A

Indian musical raagas, Each raaga is personified with different colour

98
Q

Who patronised Tanjore paintings ?

A

Sarfoi Maharaj, Maratha Rulers, 18th Century

99
Q

Why are Tanjore paintings unique ?

A

Created on glass and board

100
Q

What did the Mysore school of painting use ?

A

Gesso paste, mixture of zine oxide and Arabic gum

101
Q

Who made Hindu Ellora caves ?

A

Rashtrakuta Dynasty

102
Q

Who made Buddhist and Jain Ellora caves ?

A

Yadava dynasty

103
Q

What are Rajput style paintings based on ?

A

Mural and fresco forms

104
Q

What are Mughal style paintings based on ?

A

Persian miniature paintings

105
Q

What are Rajput style paintings themes ?

A

Religious

106
Q

What are Mughal Styles paintings themes ?

A

Mughal emperor and household

107
Q

What is the peculiarity of Rajput style paintings ?

A

Hindu symbols like Lotus, Peacock

108
Q

What is the peculiarity of Mughal style paintings ?

A

Person in picture, trees, camesl and falcons

109
Q

Where did the style of Company paintings originate ?

A

Kolkata Chennai Delhi Patna Varanasi Thanjavur

110
Q

What distinguished Company style paintings ?

A

Water colour and linear perspective and shading

111
Q

Who are some famous painters from school of Company paintings in 20th Century ?

A

Sewak Ram Ishwari Prasad Ghulam Ali Khan

112
Q

What was the difference between Bazaar paintings and Company paintings ?

A

Did not have Indian influence

113
Q

Where did the influence of Bazaar paintings come from ?

A

Greek and Roman statues

114
Q

Where was Bazaar paintings prevalent ?

A

Bengal and Bihar

115
Q

What was the main theme of Bazaar paintings ?

A

Indian bazaars with European background

116
Q

Who is known as the Raphael of the East ?

A

Raja Ravi Verma

117
Q

Please name some of Raja Ravi Verma’s famous works

A

Lady in the Moonlight Mother India

118
Q

Which state was Raja Ravi Verma from ?

A

Kerala

119
Q

Who’s works sparked the Bengal school of paintings in 1946-1960 ?

A

Abhanindranath Tagore

120
Q

What was unique about the Bengal school of paintings ?

A

Simple colours

121
Q

What was Abhindranath Tagore known for ?

A

Bharat Mata

122
Q

Name another notable painter of the Bengal school of painting

A

Nandlal Bose

123
Q

Which sketch was Nandlal Bose known for ?

A

Black and white Gandhi sketch

124
Q

Who illuminated the Constitution of India ?

A

Nandlal Bose

125
Q

Please name some more famous painters of the Bengal school

A

Asit Kumar Haldar Manishi Dey Mukul Dey

126
Q

Who was one of the most popular cubist artists in India ?

A

MF Hussain

127
Q

Who made the series of paintings - ‘Personification of Romance’ ?

A

MF Hussain

128
Q

Who was the found of the Progressive Art Group ?

A

Francis Newton Souza SH Raza

129
Q

Mithila paintings are from ?

A

Madhubandhi town

130
Q

Theme of Madhubandhi paintings ?

A

Religious motifs

131
Q

Pattachitra painting is from ?

A

Odisha

132
Q

Madhubandhi paintings are about what kind of auspicious occasions ?

A

Birth, marriage, festivals

133
Q

How were Madhubandhi paintings made ?

A

Rice paste and vegetable colours

134
Q

What was the base in Madhubandhi paintings ?

A

Cow dung and mud

135
Q

Whom did the President of India honour in 1970 for Madhubandhi paintings ?

A

Jagadmaba Devi

136
Q

Which village is Jagadambi Devi from ?

A

Jitbarpur

137
Q

Do Madhubandhi paintings have GI status ?

A

Yes

138
Q

What does patta and chitra mean in Sanskrit ?

A

Canvas and Picture

139
Q

What is the base of Pattachitra paintings ?

A

Cloth

140
Q

Where do the colours of Pattachitra paintings come from ?

A

Natural sources like burnt coconut shells, Hungula and lamp black

141
Q

What coating is given to Pattachitra paintings to give it a glossy finish ?

A

Lacquer

142
Q

What is the theme of Pattachitra paintings ?

A

Jagannath and Vaishanava cult

143
Q

Which place in Odisha is known for Pattachitra art form ?

A

Raghurajpur

144
Q

What is Pattachitra on palm leaf known as ?

A

talapattachitra

145
Q

Where is Patua Art from ?

A

Bengal

146
Q

What did Patua Art start as ?

A

Mangal Kavyas

147
Q

What is Mangal Kavyas ?

A

Auspicious stories of Gods and Godesses

148
Q

Which district of Bengal does Patua paintings mainly come from ?

A

Midnapur district

149
Q

When did Kalighat paintings start ?

A

19th Century

150
Q

Where did the Rural migrants, who started Kalighat paintings, settle down ?

A

Kalighat temple

151
Q

What is used for kalighat paintings ?

A

Watercolours

152
Q

What are the Kalighat paintings about ?

A

Religious and social sentiments

153
Q

Which region’s tribal people practice Paitkar paintings ?

A

Jharkhan

154
Q

Which Godess does Paitkar painting have an association with ?

A

Ma Mansa

155
Q

What is a common theme of Patikar painting ?

A

What happens to human life post death

156
Q

What is the pen is Kalamkari paintings made up of ?

A

Bamboo

157
Q

What is the base in Kalamkari paintings ?

A

Cotton fabric

158
Q

What are the colours in Kalamkari paintings ?

A

vegetable dyes

159
Q

Which state is Kalamkari paintings practiced in ?

A

Andhra Pradesh

160
Q

Which are the main centers of Kalamkari paintings in Andhra Pradesh ?

A

Sriklashasti Machilipatnam

161
Q

What is the inspiration for Kalamkari paintings ?

A

Hindu mythology

162
Q

How long ago does Warli tradition go back to ?

A

2500-3000 BC

163
Q

Where was Warli paintings found ?

A

Gujarat Maharashtra border

164
Q

What are the scenes generally portrayed in Warli paintings ?

A

Fishing, hunting, farming, dances, animals and trees

165
Q

Which Goddess is generally portrayed in Warli paintings ?

A

Palaghata (Goddess of fertility)

166
Q

What shapes are found in Warli paintings ?

A

Triangle, circle and square

167
Q

What is the base in Warli paintings ?

A

Mixture of mud and cow dung

168
Q

What is the white pigment used in Warli paintings ?

A

Mixture of gum and rice powder

169
Q

Which North Eastern states do Thangka Paintings belong to ?

A

Sikkim Himachal Pradesh Ladakh Arunachal Pradesh

170
Q

What are Thangka paintings about ?

A

Highest ideals of Buddhism

171
Q

What is the canvas of Thangka paintings ?

A

Cotton

172
Q

What are the paints in Thangka paintings made of ?

A

Natural vegetable dyes or mineral dyes

173
Q

What are the 3 types of Thankga paintings ?

A
  1. Life of Buddha 2. Wheel of Life 3. Offerings to Deities or Meditation
174
Q

Which state is Manjusha painting from ?

A

Bihar

175
Q

Where in Bihar from Manjhusha paintings from ?

A

Bhagalpur

176
Q

What is Manjusha painting also known as ?

A

Angika art

177
Q

What are Manjusha paintings done on ?

A

Boxes of jute and paper

178
Q

What are the main motiffs of Manjusha paintings ?

A

Snake motifs

179
Q

Where are Phad paintings predominantly found ?

A

Rajasthan

180
Q

What are the local deities found in Phad paintings ?

A

Pabji and Devnarayan

181
Q

How long is the piece of cloth - phad ?

A

15-30 feet

182
Q

Where are Cheriyal Scroll paintings indigenous to ?

A

Telangana

183
Q

Which community produces the Cheriyal Scroll paintings in Telengana ?

A

Balladeer

184
Q

Are the Cheriyal Scroll paintings continuous stories ?

A

Yes

185
Q

Do the Cheriyal Scroll paintings have GI status ?

A

Yes, as of 2007

186
Q

Which states’ tribal communities produce Pithora paintings ?

A

Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat

187
Q

What are common themes in Puranas ?

A

Hindu Epics and Puranas

188
Q

Where are the Saura paintings from ?

A

Odisha

189
Q

Who is the main deity of the Sauras ?

A

Idital

190
Q

How are the colours of Saura paintings extracted ?

A

Minerals and Plants

191
Q

How are Saura paintings characterised ?

A

Stick Like Humans

Indian Art and Culture - Nitin Singhania (10 decks)

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