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Indian Art and Culture - Nitin Singhania > Indian Classical Dance > Flashcards

Indian Classical Dance Flashcards

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1
Q

How many traditional schools of Classical Dance is there ?

A

8

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2
Q

Where was the first formal mention of dance made ?

A

Natya Shastra

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3
Q

According to the story Brahma created a fifth Veda called ?

A

Natya Veda

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4
Q

What was borrowed from Rig Veda ?

A

Pathya (Words)

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5
Q

What was borrowed from Yajur Veda ?

A

Abhinaya (Gestures)

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6
Q

What was borrowed from Sam Veda ?

A

Geet (Music)

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7
Q

What was borrowed from Atharva Veda ?

A

Rasa (Emotions)

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8
Q

What does Shiva’s Tandava dance indicate ?

A

Cycle of creation, preservation and destruction

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9
Q

Who wrote Natya Shastra ?

A

Bharata Muni

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10
Q

What are the two basic aspects of Indian classical dance ?

A

Lasya

Tandava

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11
Q

What does Lasya symbolic of ?

A

Feminine

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12
Q

What does Lasya indicate ?

A

Grace, Bhava
Rasa
Abhinaya

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13
Q

What does Tandava indicate ?

A

Male Aspects

Rhythym, movement

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14
Q

What is Nandikeshwara’s famous treatise called ?

A

Abhinaya Darpan

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15
Q

How many basic elements does Abhinaya Darpan break dance into ?

A

3

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16
Q

What are the 3 basic dance elements in Abhinaya Darpan ?

A
  1. Nritta
  2. Natya
  3. Nritya
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17
Q

What is Nritta ?

A

Dance without expression or mood

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18
Q

What is Natya ?

A

Dramatic representations

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19
Q

What is Nritya ?

A

Sentiments and emotions evoked through dance

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20
Q

How many emotions (rasas) are there ?

A

9

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21
Q

Name first three rasas

A
  1. Shringaara
  2. Roudra
  3. Bibhatsa
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22
Q

Name next three rasas

A
  1. Veera
  2. Shaant
  3. Haasya
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23
Q

Name last three rasas

A
  1. Karuna
  2. Bhayanak
  3. Adbhuta
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24
Q

What is Shringaara ?

A

Love

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25
Q

What is Roudra ?

A

Anger

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26
Q

What is Bibhatsa ?

A

Disgust

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27
Q

What is Veera ?

A

Heroism

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28
Q

What is Shaant ?

A

Peace

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29
Q

What is Haasya ?

A

Laughter

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30
Q

What is Karuna ?

A

Tragedy

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31
Q

What is Adbhuta ?

A

Wonder

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32
Q

What is a mudra ?

A

Hand gesture

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33
Q

How many fundamental mudras are there ?

A

108

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34
Q

What was the solo dance of temple dancers in Tamil Nadu called ?

A

Sadir

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35
Q

What was the name of dancers who performed Sadir ?

A

Devadasi

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36
Q

What is Sadir also called ?

A

Dashiattam

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37
Q

Which prominent freedom fighter helped in reviving Sadir ?

A

E Krishna Iyer

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38
Q

Name any one prominent dancer of Sadir ?

A

Rukmini Devi Arundale

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39
Q

In the early 19th Century, how many dance teachers were there in Thanjavur ?

A

4

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40
Q

Which dance is Bharatnatyam close to ?

A

Sadir

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41
Q

What is Alarippu ?

A

Dance with rhythmic syllables

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42
Q

What is Alarippu meant for ?

A

Get blessings of God

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43
Q

What is Jatiswaram ?

A

Nritta component,
No expressions.
Only poses and movements

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44
Q

What is Shabdam ?

A

Includes Abhinaya, dramatic element

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45
Q

What is Varnam ?

A

Nritya component

Dance + emotions

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46
Q

What is Varnam synced with to tell the story ?

A

Raag and Taal

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47
Q

What is Padam ?

A

Mastery over Abhinaya

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48
Q

What is Jawali ?

A

Short Love lyrics at fast tempo

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49
Q

What is Thillana ?

A

Concluding stage of Nrittaa

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50
Q

According to the 4 teachers of Tanjore, what are the first 4 elements of Bharatnatyam recital ?

A

1.Alarippu
2,Jatiswaram
3.Shabdam
4.Varnam

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51
Q

What are the remaining 3 elements of Bharatnatyam recital ?

A
  1. Padam
  2. Jawali
  3. Thillana
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52
Q

Who were the 4 Tanjore teachers ?

A

Chiniah
Ponniah
Vadivelu
Shivanandam

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53
Q

What was Bharatnatyam also known as ?

A

Tanjore Natyam

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54
Q

Which element of nature is Bharatnatyam related to ?

A

Fire Dance

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55
Q

Does Bharatnatyam emphasise Tandava or Lasya ?

A

Equal

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56
Q

What is one of the principal mudras of Bharatnatyam ?

A

Kataka Mukha Hasta

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57
Q

Name any one famous Bharatnatyam dancer

A

Yamini Krishnamurthy

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58
Q

Which state did Kuchipudi originate from ?

A

Andhra Pradesh

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59
Q

Who originally performed Kuchipudi ?

A

Group of actors

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60
Q

After the advent of Vaishavism, who were the main performers of Kuchipudi ?

A

Male Brahmins

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61
Q

Where did male Bramins perform Kuchipudi ?

A

Temples

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62
Q

What was a central theme of Kuchipudi ?

A

Bhagavat Purana tales

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63
Q

Which Kingdom patronised Kuchipudi ?

A

Vijayanagara and Golconda

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64
Q

Who revived Kuchipudi in 20th century ?

A

Balasaraswati and Ragini Devi

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65
Q

What new features were introduced to Kuchipudi ?

A

Female participation and solos

66
Q

Which ras in dominant in Kuchipudi ?

A

Shringaara ras

67
Q

How does each principal character introduce themself on the stage ?

A

Daaru - Composition of song and dance

68
Q

What is the Nritta part of Kuchipudi ?

A

Sollakath

69
Q

What is the Nritya part of Kuchipudi ?

A

Kavutvams

70
Q

Which element of nature is Kuchipudi like ?

A

Earth element

71
Q

What is Manduk Shabdam in Kuchipudi ?

A

Story of a frog

72
Q

What is Tarangam in Kuchipudi ?

A

Dancer balances pot of water on head

73
Q

What is Jala Chitra Nrityam in Kuchipudi ?

A

Dancer draws pictures with their toes

74
Q

Which kind of music accompanies Kuchipudi ?

A

Carnatic music - Violin and Mridangam

75
Q

Name any famous proponent of Kuchipudi

A

Yamini Krishnamurthy

76
Q

Which state is Kathakali from ?

A

Kerala temples

77
Q

What does Katha-Kalli mean ?

A

Dance-Drama

78
Q

Which famous Malyali poet revived Katha Kalli ?

A

V N Menon

79
Q

Who patronised V N Menon ?

A

Mukunda Raja

80
Q

What kind of troupes generally perform Kathakali ?

A

All male troupes

81
Q

What does green mask indicate in Kathakali ?

A

Divinity

82
Q

What does red mask indicate in Kathakali ?

A

Royalty

83
Q

What does black mask indicate in Kathakali ?

A

Evil

84
Q

What does yellow mask indicate in Kathakali ?

A

Saints

85
Q

What does white beard indicate in Kathakali ?

A

Higher consciousness

86
Q

What is the major theme in Kathakali ?

A

Good vs Evil

87
Q

Which dance is also called Ballad of the East ?

A

Kathakali

88
Q

Which language is used in Kathakali ?

A

Manipravalam

89
Q

Which two languages is Maniprvalam a mixture of ?

A

Malayalam and Sanskrit

90
Q

Where is Kathakali generally performed ?

A

Open air theatre

91
Q

What marks the beginning and end of the Kathakali recital ?

A

Drums, Chhenda and maddala

92
Q

Name any one famous proponent of Kathakali

A

Rita Ganguly

93
Q

Which element of nature does Kathakali symbolise ?

A

Sky

94
Q

Which dance is also called dance of an Enchantress ?

A

Mohiniattam

95
Q

Which state is Mohiniattam from ?

A

Kerala

96
Q

Who revived Mohiniattam in 19th century ?

A

V N Menon and Kalyani Amma

97
Q

Which God is Mohiniattam inspired by ?

A

Feminine form of Vishnu

98
Q

Which aspect is dominant in Mohiniattam - Lasya or Tandava ?

A

Lasya (Grace, Beauty)

99
Q

What is the general costume in Mohiniattam ?

A

White and off-white with Ghungroo on ankles

100
Q

Which element of nature is symbolised in Mohiniattam performance ?

A

Air

101
Q

What is the 40 basic dance movement in Mohiniattam called ?

A

Atavakul

102
Q

What musical instruments are used in Mohiniattam ?

A

Veena, Flute, Drums,

103
Q

Name any one famous proponent of Mohiniattam

A

Jayaprabha Menon

104
Q

Name 4 classical dances of India

A
  1. Bharatnatyam
  2. Kuchipudi
  3. Kathakalli
  4. Mohiniattam
105
Q

Name the other 4 classical dances of India

A
  1. Odissi
  2. Kathak
  3. Sattriya
  4. Manipuri
106
Q

Which caves do Odissi dance originate from ?

A

Udayagiri-Khandagiri

107
Q

Whom was Odissi primarily practised by ?

A

Maharis

108
Q

Which Jain king patronised Odissi ?

A

Kheravela

109
Q

When did Maharis system become defunct ?

A

Advent of Vaishnavism

110
Q

What was the variant of Odissi practised at royal courts called ?

A

Nartala

111
Q

What were young boys dressed as females in Odissi called ?

A

Gotipuas

112
Q

Which posture is innate in Odissi ?

A

Tribhanga

113
Q

Who caused Odissi to gain international acclaim in the mid 20th century ?

A

Charles Fabri

Indrani Rehman

114
Q

Why is Odissi also called Mobile sculpture ?

A

Dancers create geometrical shapes with their body

115
Q

What is Mangalacharan in Odissi ?

A

Flower offered to Mother Earth in beginning

116
Q

What is Batu Nritya in Oddissi

A

Tribhanga and Chowk posture

117
Q

What does Chowk posture indicate in Odissi ?

A

Masculinity

118
Q

What does Pallavi include in Odissi ?

A

Facial representations and song

119
Q

What is Tharijham in Odissi ?

A

Pure dance before conclusion

120
Q

What kind of music accompanies Odissi ?

A

Hindustani Classical Music

121
Q

Which element of nature does Odissi symbolise ?

A

Water

122
Q

Which lyrics are used in Odissi ?

A

Gita Govinda

123
Q

Who wrote Gita Govinda ?

A

Jayadeva

124
Q

Name a famous proponent of Odissi

A

Guru Pankaj Charan Das

125
Q

What is the mythological origin of Manipuri ?

A

Celestial Dance of Shiva Parvati

126
Q

Which festival did Manipuri originate from ?

A

Lai Haroba

127
Q

Why did Manipuri gain prominence in 15th century ?

A

Advent of Vaishnavism

128
Q

What is the central theme of Manipuri ?

A

Krishna

129
Q

Which king in the 18th century tried to revive Manipuri ?

A

Raja Bhag Chandra

130
Q

How did Rabindranath Tagore bring the dance into the limelight ?

A

By Introducing it in Shantiniketan

131
Q

Does Manipuri emphasise on Tandava or Lasya ?

A

Lasya

132
Q

What is Naga Bandha mudra in Manipuri ?

A

Body is connected through curves of shape 8

133
Q

What is a common theme in Manipuri ?

A

Raas Leela

134
Q

What instruments are used in Manipuri ?

A

Drum, pung, dhol

135
Q

Who’s compositions are used in Manipuri ?

A

Jayadeva and Chandidas

136
Q

What are some dances influenced by Manipuri ?

A

Thang Ta and Sankirtana

137
Q

Name any one famous proponent of Manipuri

A

Jhaveri sisters

138
Q

Which state is Kathak from ?

A

Barjbhoomi, Uttar Pradesh

139
Q

Why is Kathak influenced by Persian costumes ?

A

Mughal influence

140
Q

Who revived Kathak in 20th century ?

A

Lady Leela Shokhey

141
Q

Which style of music is Kathak accompanied by ?

A

Hindustani music

142
Q

What does Lucknow gharana of Kathak emphasise ?

A

Expression and Grace

143
Q

What does Jaipur gharana of Kathak emphasise ?

A

Fluency and long, rhythmic patterns

144
Q

What does Raigarh gharana of Kathak emphasise ?

A

Percussion music

145
Q

What does Banaras gharana of Kathak emphasise ?

A

Footwork and symmetry

146
Q

What is Ananda in Kathak ?

A

Introductory item

147
Q

What is Jugalbani in Kathak ?

A

Competitive play between tabla player and dancer

148
Q

What is Padhant in Kathak ?

A

Dancer recites complicated bols

149
Q

What is Kramlaya in Kathak ?

A

Intricate footwork in finale

150
Q

What is Gat bhaav in Kathak ?

A

Dance without music

151
Q

Name any one famous proponent of Kathak

A

Sitara Devi

152
Q

Which state is Sattriya from ?

A

Assam

153
Q

Who introduced Sattriya in 15th Century in Assam ?

A

Vaishnava saint Shankaradeva

154
Q

What does Sattra mean ?

A

Vaishnava monastry

155
Q

Sattriya is an amalgamation of which Assamese dances ?

A

Ojapalli and Devdasi

156
Q

What is the focus of Sattriya recitals ?

A

Vishnu stories and devotion

157
Q

Who performs Sattriya ?

A

Male monks called Bhokots

158
Q

What instruments accompany Sattriya ?

A

Khol, Cymbals and flute

159
Q

Who composed Borgeets which accompany Sattriya ?

A

Shankaradeva

160
Q

What are the two modern streams of Sattriya ?

A

Gayan Bhayanar Nach

Karmanar Nach

Indian Art and Culture - Nitin Singhania (10 decks)

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