India

Question 1

Main Points

Answer 1

Aid, Trade & Investment
Changing Population & Changing social factors
Geopolitics
Technology and Connectivity

Question 2

TRADE

Answer 2

Until 1990s—lots of tariffs & import restrictions
Reducing these barriers to trade meant India’s imports & exports rose quickly & India become more integrated in global trade.
India’s imports—crude oil, gold, electrical goods India’s exports—oil products, gems & jewellery

Question 3

AID

Answer 3

Historically India has been significant recipient of foreign aid.
Now spends $1.3billion on aid to other countries (eg Nepal, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka). This is 2x what it itself receives in aid.

Question 4

Government

Answer 4

education, health, transport & housing these help India develop. The public sector is also a v. large employer in India

Question 5

FDI

Answer 5

private companies by TNCs & smaller business, especially in tech sector. Brought in $34 400 million in 2014

Question 6

Population Growth

Answer 6

1985 = 782 million; 2015 1.3 billion

68% increase since 1990

Question 7

Population structure changes

Answer 7

• smaller number of under 15s
• more economically active people (15-64)
• more elderly (65+)

Question 8

Life expectancy

Answer 8

Increased; 1985=54; 2015= 68

• reduced infant mortality rate
• reduced maternal mortality rate

Question 9

Increased inequality

Answer 9

• status of women still low; wider gap between rich & poor; old people don’t benefit from progress

Question 10

Growing middle class

Answer 10

-more disposable income, large consumer market

Question 11

Improved education

Answer 11

investment in schools, strong private sector education.

Question 12

GEOPOLITICS

Answer 12

is the impact of a country’s physical & human geog on its international politics & relations.

Question 13

Foreign Policy

Answer 13

building links with France, Germany & Canada to encourage investment in defence, energy &infrastructure. Eg Struck a deal with Canada to be provided with 3.2million kg of uranium

Question 14

Defence

Answer 14

In discussions with USA to be provided with shared logistics for warships, fighter planes and personnel which could help provide humanitarian aid and disaster relief.

Question 15

Military Pacts

Answer 15

Signed a pact for Russia to supply Indian army with missiles, help develop fighter jets and build more nuclear power reactors. This will increase income from exports

Question 16

Territorial Disputes

Answer 16

In competition with China over water resources on the Brahmaputra River. Building dams could limit each others’ supplies of HEP & Water

Question 17

Technology and Connectivity

Answer 17

India’s new technology is rapidly expanding
World’s 2nd largest wireless network
It has its own high level ICT industry (esp in Bangalore)

Question 18

Digitial divide

Answer 18

still exists between core & periphery; urban and rural.
There is a Global Triangle of ICT in the south, between Bangalore, Hyderbad & Chennai.
In 2013, 50%+ of India’s broadband connections were in just 5 out of its 29 states.

Question 19

virtuous cycle

Answer 19

Southern areas & especially The Global Triangle receives investment in technology and FDI from major ICT companies. This increases investment further, drives up wages and thus funds development of infrastructure

Question 20

northern

Answer 20

Uttar Pradesh haven’t high tech FDI. They remain largely subsistence agricultural areas with lower levels of investment, wages and development.