Increased tension

Question 1

The refugee problem in Berlin

Answer 1

• Between 1949 and 1961, 2.7 million East Germans crossed from East to West Berlin

Question 2

Khrushchev’s Berlin Ultimatum 1958

Answer 2

• Stated that all Berlin belonged to East Germany and that occupying troops must leave in six months
• A series of Summit meetings took place

Question 3

Geneva Summit 1959

Answer 3

No solution agreed but a further summit organised for Camp David in the USA

Question 4

Camp David Summit 1959

Answer 4

• Involved Khrushchev and Eisenhower
• No solution agreed but further meeting arranged in Paris

Question 5

Paris Summit 1960

Answer 5

• Before the Summit even began, the Soviet Union shot down a US U-2 Spy plane that was flying over the USSR
• Summit did not happen

Question 6

Vienna Conference Summit 1961

Answer 6

• Neither was willing to back down. Khrushchev saw Kennedy’s inexperience as a weakness and reissued his ultimatum for the USA to remove it’s troops from Berlin
• Kennedy did not back down and strengthened the Truman Doctrine - increasing tensions

Question 7

The Cuban Revolution

Answer 7

• Cuba had a socialist revolution in 1959 and the USA refused to deal with the new gov.
• Cuba started to build economic relations with the Soviet Union
• Cuban sugar for Soviet Oil

Question 8

The problem with Castro

Answer 8

• The USA refused to recognise his gov as it was socialism in their sphere of influence
• The CIA tried to assassinate him multiple times with no success
• The CIA convinced Kennedy that a US-backed invasion could overthrow Castro

Question 9

The Bay of Pigs incident 1961 - what did the CIA tell Kennedy?

Answer 9

• The invasion will look like a Cuban Revolt with trained Cuban Exiles and disguised US planes
• Castro’s control of Cuba was weak
• Most Cubans hate castro

Question 10

The Bay of Pigs incident 1961 - what really happened?

Answer 10

• The planes were recognised as US planes and the world knew that the US backed the invasion
• Castro knew of the invasion and used 20,000 troops against 1,400 troops
• Most people liked Castro

Question 11

The Bay of Pigs incident 1961 - Impact

Answer 11

• Ended all chances of friendly relations
• Castro announced he was communist
• Cuba and Soviet Union started building closer ties

Question 12

The impact of Soviet Rule on Czechoslovakia

Answer 12

• Economy and living standards declined
• Any opposition to communism crushed
• Communist rule became unpopular

Question 13

Alexander Dubcek

Answer 13

• In 1968, Dubcek became the leader
• “Socialism with a human face” was a communist but wanted to make it better and easier to live under
• Reforms resulted in the Prague Spring