Cold War crises

Question 1

Building the Berlin Wall 1961

Answer 1

• Khrushchev built a wall to stop the refugee problem
• The wall was built at night from barbed wire that later turned into a heavily guarded wall
• By the end of 1961, West Berlin was completely cut off from East Germany

Question 2

The Events of the Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

Answer 2

• In September 1962, Soviet ships carried nuclear warheads and missiles to Cuba
• Then in October, US U-2 planes photographed Cuban missile sites and the secret was out

Question 3

The Brezhnev Doctrine 1968

Answer 3

Any country that attempts to break away from soviet control would be seen as a threat to the whole Warsaw pact and the USSR would intervene.

Question 4

Brezhnev’s response to Dubcek’s reforms

Answer 4

• Failed to convince Dubcek to stop the Reforms
• Sent troops and tanks to Prague and Dubcek was arrested
• Czechoslovakia returned to being under strict Soviet control after Gustav

Question 5

The impact of the Berlin Wall

Answer 5

• The wall solved the Refugee problem
• Was a humiliation for the Soviet Union and a propaganda victory for the West
• Over 200 people lost their lives trying to cross

Question 6

Kennedy’s visit to West Berlin 1963

Answer 6

• Claimed “I am a Berliner”
• Was an expression of solidarity with the people of West Berlin
• Was showing his audience that he was not soft on communism

Question 7

Short-term consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 7

• Communist Cuba survived
• The Soviet-Union looked weak as the world didnt know the USA removed missiles from Turkey

Question 8

Long-term consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 8

• Moved to detente : a less stressful, more informed relationship between the two countries
• The Hotline Agreement: created direct communication link between Washington and Moscow
• MAD theory
• Outer Space Treaty 1967: limited deployment of nuclear weapons in space
• Nuclear Non-Profileration Treaty 1968: prevented other countries getting nuclear weapons

Question 9

Prague Spring Impact on the East

Answer 9

• Romania and Yugoslavia condemned the invasion and sighed alliences with China, dividing the communist world
• Led to public protests in other countries