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History: INCA > INCA - 1890-1914 > Flashcards

INCA - 1890-1914 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Lord Salisbury do in 1899?

A

He appointed 39 year old George Curzon as Viceroy of India

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2
Q

Curzon ruled India in what style?

A

Of a Roman Emperor - legendary arrivals with displays of imperial pomp and ceremony

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3
Q

What did Curzon believe in?

A

A moral, imperial duty and took great pride in representing Britain and its imperial mission

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4
Q

What was Curzon mindful of?

A

Growing criticisms from professional middle class Indians and the INC representative body.

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5
Q

What were the INC particularly critical of?

A

British trading arrangements, restraints on Indian industry and the heavy taxation to which the Indians were subjected in order to pay the high-earning British civil servants of the Raj.

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6
Q

Where did pressure also arise from?

A

Social and humanitarian groups such as “Servant of India Society” - popular amongst untouchables

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7
Q

What were some of Curzons most noticeable reforms?

A

-Provision for famine reliefs/irrigation projects
-Rearming native regiments
-Expansion of provincial police
-Promotion of scientific and medical education
-Lowering taxes
-Gold standard
-Construction of 6,000 miles railway track

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8
Q

Which group did Curzon found in 1901?

A

Imperial Cadet Corps 1901, to give Indian Princes/nobles a military role

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9
Q

What did Curzon do which showed respect to Indigenous culture?

A

-Helped fund a costly restoration of the Taj Mahal

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10
Q

Under which act was the Taj Mahal restored?

A

Ancient Monument Preservation Act 1904

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11
Q

Who were the North-West Frontier Province of 1901 (NWFP)?

A

A group created to protect the border from Russian threat.

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12
Q

What was Curzons temporary invasion from 1903-1904?

A

An invasion of Tibet to counter Russias perceived ambitions in the area

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13
Q

Why did Curzon partition Bengal?

A

He believed that by dividing the troublesome province of Bengal he would weaken any internal enemies of the Raj

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14
Q

Who was most opposed against the partition of Bengal?

A

The population of 78,000 mainly Hindus, who felt a strong regional identity

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15
Q

When the partition was carried out an uproar was caused amongst who?

A

The Hindu Elite of West Bengal, whom many of owned land in the East that they rented out to Muslim peasants

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16
Q

What was the partition of Bengal seen as?

A

A direct attack by the British on the ancient legal boundaries of India, claimed it was payback from Curzon for their criticisms

17
Q

How did the indigenous respond?

A

Strikes, protests and boycotts of British goods

18
Q

What could be argued in contrast to the uproar?

A

There were actually many within the Muslim elite who supported the partition

19
Q

What happened to the Muslim elite who supported the partition of Bengal?

A

They formed the All Indian Muslim League in 1906 to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims

20
Q

When were both parts of Bengal reunited?

A

In 1911

21
Q

Which party won the general elections of 1906? Who was appointed secretary of state?

A

The Liberal party, John Morley was appointed

22
Q

What did the INC think of the Liberal party?

A

The INC admired the Liberals and respected their principles of equality, with hope of movement towards independence

23
Q

Who was the new viceroy after Curzon?

A

Earl of Minto, from 1905

24
Q

What change did Earl of Minto represent?

A

He treated the INC with more respect and took time consulting them on possible reforms

25
Q

What important reform did the liberal party introduce?

A

The Indian Councils Act of 1909

26
Q

What did the Indian Councils Act of 1909 change?

A

-It allowed 27 Indians to be elected from provincial constituencies to Viceroys council
-Reform allowed greater Indian participation in government
-Direct elections were introduced for local council elections, which allowed for up to 135 Indians to secure seats. Seperate representative councils were offered to Muslims.

27
Q

Who and when was Minto replaced by?

A

By Lord Hardinge in 1910

28
Q

What was Hardinges most significant reform?

A

He reunited the partitioned Bengal in 1911

29
Q

What controversial decision did Hardinge make?

A

He moved the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi

30
Q

What did Hardinge do with the INC?

A

He forged a close relationship with Gokhale and the moderates to represent his opposition to the extremist views

31
Q

Indian calls for what increased throughout this period?

A

For self-government, due to the new Liberal government however no time frame was given

32
Q

How did Hardinge react to the first world war?

A

Without consultation he declared war on Indias behalf

33
Q

How was Hardinges decision to put India in the war treated?

A

The indigenous mostly accepted and supported the British efforts throughout the war

34
Q

Who were two main missionaries in India during this time period?

A

-Mary Carpenter
-Amy Carmichael

35
Q

What did Mary Carpenter do?

A

-Founded a “ragged school” and reformatories in Bristol
-Formed the National Indian Association, which was formally established in 1870
-Highlighted need for women to work in prisons with female offenders
-1868, achieved funding to set up a teaching training college for women

36
Q

What was Mary Carpenters background?

A

-Born 1807, her father a christian Minister

37
Q

What was Amy Carmichaels background?

A

Irish with devoutly Christian parents

38
Q

What did Amy Carmichael do?

A

-In Belfast, ran a popular Sunday morning class for “shawlies”
-Found vocation in India working with girls/women
-Rescued girls from various customs that forced into prostitution

History: INCA (5 decks)

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