In Memory of W.B Yeats Flashcards

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1
Q

nightmarish European landscape of desolation, cold and entropy

A

the landscape is criss-crossed by congealed and arrested flows: brooks (figuratively springs of creativity and desire) are ‘frozen’, ‘snow’ effaces physical controls, the thermometer’s mercury becomes vacuous and ‘sinks’ as the temperature drops

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2
Q

‘it survives’

A

poetry survives and gives voice to survival in a space of isolation

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3
Q

‘flows south / From ranches of isolation and the busy griefs’

A

Auden makes his relocation to America explicit as in Europe American words like ‘ranches’ would have seemed literally out of place

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4
Q

Like all elegies…

A

it is as much concerned with the future as with the past.

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5
Q

what does it elegise?

A

the poet about whom he had decidedly mixed feelings; his own former style; a vatic, politically instrumental conception of the poet’s role within culture; the link that bounds Yeats’ and his own poetry to collective national traditions

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6
Q

what is its form?

A

an elegy organised into three sections

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7
Q

three sections outline

A
  1. Mournful Section: long breath-based Whitmanian
  2. Speaker reflects on generative power of poetry; free-verse
  3. Six stanzas of AABB verse, every line in seven-syllable trochaic verse
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8
Q

what is the first section?

A

Mournful Section: long breath-based Whitmanian

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9
Q

what is the second section?

A

free verse

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10
Q

what is the third section?

A

familiar six stanzas of AABB verse, every line in seven-syllable trochaic verse; ceremonial quatrains in tetrameter

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11
Q

what is the form of the third section?

A

ceremonial quatrains in tetrameter

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12
Q

what else changes in the form of the third section?

A

rhyme enters, prose rhythms give way to a ceremonial lyric language

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13
Q

James Persoon

A

‘two elements - the poet’s death as national and natural crisis and the poet’s death as almost completely insignificant - describe a tension within which Auden explores the life of the work after the death of the author.’

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14
Q

‘poetry makes nothing happen’

A

you could contrast this modesty with Pound at the same time broadcasting his ideas on Fascist radio.

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15
Q

‘each in the cell of himself’

A

recalls the locked chambers of Eliot’s The Waste Land

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16
Q

‘flows south / From ranches of isolation’ FREUDIAN

A

flows from isolated safety of the Freudian subconscious

17
Q

‘a mouth’

A

provides voice to that deep level of raw and unassailable humanity

18
Q

‘follow right / To the bottom of the night’

A

to the primordial humanity expressed in Yeats’ poetry, to human freedom where the ‘unconstraining voice’ can ‘persuade us to rejoice’

19
Q

Poetry is a kind of farming that….

A

breaks open what is locked there and free feeling and ‘teach the free man how to praise’ offering a lesson on how to praise

20
Q

language is presented as a public ritual…

A

that might join people together separated in the cells of himself (echoing Eliot’s TWL)

21
Q

‘in the valley of its saying’

A

it survives in a kind of imaginary landscape or a world that is created through speech; a rich place to live but also a space that evokes a kind of absence; opening or gap.

22
Q

‘a way of happening, a mouth’

A

the valley of its saying is reconfigured as an open mouth where words are coming out, flowing like a kind of river. It isn’t something thats happening but its the figure of potential action, a nothing that is somehow something too.

23
Q

what words were chosen as Auden’s epitaph on his own memorial in Westminster abbey

A

‘In the prison of his days/ Teach the free man how to praise’

24
Q

what happened in 1939

A

WB Yeats died, Auden moved to New York, WW2 broke out.

25
Q

where was this poem written?

A

first poem Auden wrote in the US

26
Q

what did Charles Altieri call his line ‘poetry makes nothing happen’

A

‘Auden’s famously anti-modernist statement’