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PHARMACOLOGY > In Depth Drugs > Flashcards

In Depth Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

_____ increases urine output by increasing the bloods osmolarity

A

Mannitol

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2
Q

What drug enhanced the effects of morphine?

A

Phenergan

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3
Q

At therapeutic doses, morphine causes?

A

Analgesia, euphoria, sedation, and miosis

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4
Q

How does morphine effect morphine?

A

It decreases cardiac preload and after load

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5
Q

Why is morphing useful in treating Cardinal infarction and pulmonary edema?

A

It decreases cardiac preload and after load

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6
Q

____ is the prototype opioid antagonist.

A

Narcan

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7
Q

What is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system?

A

GABA

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8
Q

Chloride is a _____

A

Anion

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9
Q

What occurs when GABA combines with chloride ion receptors?

A

The channel opens and chloride diffuses through the channel

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10
Q

___ only increases the effectiveness of GABA and the amount of GABA present limits their effects

A

Benzos

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11
Q

What is antagonist for benzos?

A

Flumazenil (romazicon)

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12
Q

Why can a patient develop seizures following the administration of romazicon?

A

If it is given to a patient that depends on benzos for seizure control, or if the patient is withdrawing from alcohol or is taking tricyclic antidepressants

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13
Q

What drugs inhibit the influx of sodium into the cell and decrease the cells ability to depolarize and propagate seizures?

A

Dilantin and tegretol

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14
Q

What are the three pharmacologic classes of CNS stimulants?

A

Amphetamines, methylphenidates, and methylxanthines

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15
Q

What is the primary drug released as a cause of amphetamine administration?

A

Norepinephrine

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16
Q

What are the effects of amphetamine use?

A

Wakefulness, awareness, and decreased appetite

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17
Q

What are the side effects of amphetamine use?

A

Tachycardia, dysthymias, hypertension, convulsions, insomnia, hallucinations and agitation

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18
Q

What are the four sympathmimetics/catecholamines?

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine

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19
Q

What are the effects of high dose dopamine?

A

Alpha stigmatization - vasoconstriction

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20
Q

_____ is a synthetic catecholamine

A

Dobutamine

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21
Q

What are the effects of dobutamine?

A

Works on beta which causes positive inotropic but little chronotropic activity

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22
Q

Propranolol is a?

A

Non elective beta antagonist

23
Q

Labetalol is a?

A

Nonselective beta andrenergic antagonist

24
Q

Besides being a nonselective beta andrenergic antagonist, labetalol also blocks ______

A

Alpha 1 receptors

25
Q

What are the five antiarrhythmics?

A 
Lidocaine
Amiodarone
Procainamide
Verapamil
Adenosine
26
Q

Amiodarone works on?

A

Sodium potassium pump, calcium channels, and alpha/beta receptors

27
Q

Lidocaine suppresses _______ and increases _____

A

Ventricular ectopy

Ventricular fibrillation

28
Q

What caution should be considered with lidocaine?

A

CNS depression if given too much

Signs of this include confusion, irritability, seizures, coma, death

29
Q

_____ is a calcium channel blocker that slows conduction through the AV node

A

Verapamil

30
Q

___ will inhibit arrhythmias caused by reentry mechanism such as SVT

A

Verapamil

31
Q

_____ decreases the rapid ventricular response seen with atrial tachycardias like AFIB and AFLUTTER

A

Verapamil

32
Q

___ reduces myocardial oxygen demands

A

Verapamil

33
Q

___ decreases conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node

A

Adenosine

34
Q

What drug is the parasympatholytic?

A

Atropine

35
Q

____ is a potent blocker of the parasympathetic system

A

Atropine

36
Q

____ increases the stroke volume thus increasing cardiac output

A

Digoxin

37
Q

What is the only cardiac glycoside?

A

Digoxin

38
Q

What are the four analgesics?

A

Morphine
Demoral
Nitronox
Nubian

39
Q

Which drug is less potent than morphine but onset is slightly faster than morphine with shirted duration?

A

Demerol

40
Q

_____ is a synthetic drug equivalent to morphine

A

Nubian

41
Q

____ inhibits sodium chloride reabsorption in kidneys

A

Lasix

42
Q

Calcium chloride causes a significant increase in?

A

Myocardial contractile force

43
Q

Racemic epinephrine is not given for?

A

Epiglottitis

44
Q

Terbutaline is a?

A

Selective beta adrenergic

45
Q

Alupent is a?

A

Selective beta adrenergic

46
Q

Xopenex is a?

A

Selective beta 2 adrenergic agonist

47
Q

Glucagon causes?

A

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose

48
Q

Which drug is a long acting steroid used for anti-inflammatory, allergic reactions, and a few endocrine emergencies?

A

Decadron

49
Q

Which drug is a carbon sugar compound that has osmotic properties and helps with swelling of the brain

A

Mannitol

50
Q

Which drug contracts smooth muscle and lactation?

A

Oxytocin

51
Q

Which drug is a CNS depressant effective in the management of seizures related to toxemia?

A

Magnesium sulfate

52
Q

What is the antidote for depression in cardiac and respiratory function after administration of magnesium sulfate?

A

Calcium chloride

53
Q

Which drug is an antihistamine, anticholenergic, and is most often used as an antiemetic?

A

Promethazine

PHARMACOLOGY (8 decks)

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