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PHARMACOLOGY > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Which book contains only factual information and must be interpreted by informed readers?

A

Physicians desk reference

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2
Q

Which act was enacted to improve the quality and labeling of drugs?

A

The pure food and drug act of 1906

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3
Q

What is the official standard for information about pharmaceuticals in the United States?

A

United States pharmacopeia

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4
Q

Which act regulated manufacturing and sale of opium and cocaine?

A

The Harrison narcotics act of 1914

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5
Q

Which act empowered the FDA?

A

The federal food, drug, and cosmetics act of 1938

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6
Q

What was the function of the Durham-Humphrey amendments?

A

Required prescriptions for certain drugs

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7
Q

Which act created five schedules of controlled substances?

A

Controlled substance act of 1970

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8
Q

What is an assay?

A

Test that determines the amount and purity of a given chemical in preparation in the laboratory

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9
Q

_____is the relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemically equivalent drugs

A

Bioequivalence

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10
Q

What is a bioassay?

A

Test to ascertain a drugs availability in a biological model

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11
Q

______ drugs are medications that may deform or kill the fetus.

A

Teratogenic drugs

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12
Q

What is the free drug availability?

A

Proportion of a drug available in the body to cause either desired or undesired effects

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13
Q

_____ is the study of drugs and their interactions with the body

A

Pharmacology

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14
Q

_____ is how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.

A

Pharmacokinetics

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15
Q

_____is the study of the basic processes that determine the duration and intensity of a drugs effect

A

Pharmacokinetics

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16
Q

A common example of an active transport mechanism is?

A

The sodium-potassium pump

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17
Q

The sodium potassium pump goes _____ the ions concentration gradients

A

Against

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18
Q

What are two examples of passive transport?

A

Diffusion and osmosis

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19
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of SOLUTE from an area of high solute to low solute

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20
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of SOLVENT from area of lower solute to higher solute

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21
Q

The body absorbs most drugs faster when they are given ______ than when they are given subcutaneously

A

Intramuscularly

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22
Q

What are two examples of events that will delay absorption?

A

Shock and hypothermia

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23
Q

Generally speaking, _____ drugs do not absorb across the membrane of cells

A

Ionized

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24
Q

The rate of absorption is directly related to?

A

The amount of surface area available for absorption

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25
Q

_____ is the measure of the amount of a drug that is still active after it reached its target tissue

A

Bioavailability

26
Q

What drug is given for tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

27
Q

What happens when aspirin is given to a patient on warfarin?

A

The aspirin displaces some of the protein bound warfarin increasing the amount of free warfarin in the blood therefore doubling the available warfarin

28
Q

___ is the special name give. To the metabolism of drugs

A

Biotransformation

29
Q

What two effect can biotransformation have on a drug?

A

It can transform the drug into a more or less active metabolite

Or

It can make the drug more water soluble for facilitate elimination

30
Q

____ increases the positive charge of a molecule

A

Oxidation

31
Q

____ is the breakage of a chemical bond by addition of water

A

Hydrolysis

32
Q

What is an enteral route?

A

Delivery of a medication through the GI tract

33
Q

What are parenteral routes?

A

Delivery of a medication outside of the GI Tract

34
Q

What drugs can be given via ETT?

A

Lidocaine
Epinephrine
Atropine
Vasopressin

35
Q

What are the three fastest routes of drug administration in order?

A

IV
IM
SQ

36
Q

____ is the force of attraction between a drug and a receptor

A

Affinity

37
Q

____ is a drugs ability to cause the expected response

A

Efficacy

38
Q

What are pharmacodynamics?

A

Effects on the body

39
Q

What is a second messenger?

A

Chemical that participates in complex cascading reactions that eventually cause lately a drugs desired effect

40
Q

What is the most common second messenger?

A

Cyclic AMP

41
Q

What is up-regulation?

A

A drug that causes the formation of more receptors than normal

42
Q

What is synergism?

A

Two drugs that both have the same effect that are given together and produce a response greater than the sum of their individual responses

43
Q

What is potentiation?

A

When one drug enhances the effect of another

44
Q

What is the therapeutic action of a drug?

A

Ratio of a drugs lethal and effective doses

45
Q

Epinephrine 1:10,000 is a potent ____ and _____ stimulant

A

Beta and alpha

46
Q

Norepinephrine stimulates?

A

Alpha 1

47
Q

____ is the most commonly used agent to treat hypotension associated with Cardiogenic shock

A

Dopamine

48
Q

What are the effects of low dose dopamine?

A

Vasodilation of mesentery, coronary, and cerebral vessels

49
Q

What are the effects of medium dose dopamine?

A

Stimulated beta receptors

Chronotropic and inotropic affects

50
Q

What are the adverse effects of cholinergic drugs?

A

Decreased heart rate, decreased peripheral vascular resistance resulting in hypotension and excessive wet stuff

51
Q

Where are autonomic ganglia found?

A

Outside the central nervous system

52
Q

______ pertains to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

A

Cholinergic

53
Q

____ pertains to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine

A

Adrenergic

54
Q

A drug or other substance that blocks the actions of the sympathetic nervous system is called?

A

Sympatholytic

55
Q

____ is the preferred antihypertensive for the management of pregnancy-induced hypertension

A

Apresoline

56
Q

Because they can thicken bronchial secretions, you should not use ______in patients with asthma

A

Antihistamines

57
Q

An example of an anticholinergic drug used in the treatment of asthma is?

A

Atropine

58
Q

The drug name that is derived from its chemical composition is referred to as its?

A

Chemical name

59
Q

Drug legislation was instituted in 1906 by the?

A

Pure food and drug act

60
Q

_____ agents oppose the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Anticholinergic

61
Q

One of aspirins primary side effects is?

A

Bleeding

PHARMACOLOGY (8 decks)

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