'IN' Flashcards
(43 cards)
Where does Carb digestion start?
In the mouth with chewing/ physical digestion and salivary amylase, which breaks down long sugar chains into maltose.
What is Saliva?
Saliva is made of salivary amylase, water (slurry) , and mucus (lubrication)
What is the food slurry considered in the mouth?
A bolus.
What action moves the bolus through the esophagus?
Peristalsis.
Where does protein digestion start?
The stomach with pepsin/ogen which breaks proteins into polypeptides. This is activated by low pH or acids present
What is stomach acid and its use?
Hydrochloric Acid is used as a disinfectant and is secreted by the stomach walls.
What is an Ulcer?
An ulcer is when your stomach acid eats away at your stomach lining. This is caused by the body not having enough mucus in the stomach.
What is Rennin?
Rennin coagulates milk proteins for easier digestion.
What other uses does the stomach have?
The stomach absorbs some drugs and alcohol.
What is the food contents known as as it leaves the pyloric sphincter?
Chyme
What is the entrance to the stomach called?
The Esophageal Sphincter
What is the exit to the stomach called?
The Pyloric Sphincter
What are the parts of the small intestine called?
Duodenum, Jejunum, and the Ilium.
What are intestinal juices made of?
Peptidase: Polypeptide digestion into amino acids
Maltase: maltose digestion into glucose
Sucrase: sucrose digestion into glucose and fructose.
Lactase: lactose digestion into glucose and galactose
What is absorbed into the blood?
Glucose, water, amino acids, and water soluble minerals and vitamins.
What is absorbed into the lymph?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is pancreatic acid made of?
Pancreatic amylase: Completes starch digestion into maltose
Trypsin/ogen: Activated by enterokinase breaks polypeptides into smaller chains
Lipase: breaks triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
Bicarbonate ions: helps neutralize and acid from the stomach
What is the pancreas stimulated by?
The pancreas is stimulated by acids entering the duodenum. This in turn activates prosecretin and secretin activated the pancreas.
What does the liver do?
Creates bile from dead RBC, which helps emulsify fat globules.
Filters blood: the portal vein runs from the duodenum into the liver which filters any excess glucose converting it to glycogen and deanimates amino acids converting it into ammonia which is expelled through urination.
The blood leaves the liver through the hepatic vein and joins the inferior vena cava.
What is the gall bladder?
Storage of bile.
Stimulated by cholecystokinin hormone secreted by intestine
What is the large intestine do?
Absorbs any water and some nutrients.
The bacteria creates some K and B vitamins.
What does fibre do?
Fibre is a non soluble material and will not be absorbed therefore it bulks up the feces and allows for easier peristalsis.
How is your digestion controlled?
Using enterogastrone it slows the rate of peristalsis.
What releases HCl
Gastrin