Evolution

Question 1

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 1

The genus and species stated, italicized with the genus capitalized and the species lowercase. Homo sapiens.

Question 2

What are the taxa of the current naming system?

Answer 2

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 3

What types of evolutional evidence do we have?

Answer 3

Fossil records: clearly showing the changes over the years.

Geographic distribution: since Pangea split animals were found in very different places

Comparative anatomy and embryology: a human arm has the same bone structure as the cat, whale and bat arms

Behaviour: Courtship and tool use

Plant and animal breading (artificial selection): overtime evolving a species through selecting traits

Biochemistry: seeing differences in biochemistry

Genetics: seeing where certain genes activate.

Question 4

What work did Carl Linnaeus do?

Answer 4

Focused on classifying organisms based on the bone structure rather than the function.

Homologous: features based on bone structure.

Analogous: features based on function.

Question 5

What are vestigial features?

Answer 5

They are leftovers of evolutionary structures that lost their function but are still harmless.

Question 6

What is Lamark’s Theory of Evolution?

Answer 6

Species are capable of personal transformation. Evolution is driven by an internal drive. They pass their acquired traits to their offspring.

Question 7

What is Darwin-Wallace Theory of Evolution?

Answer 7

Natural Selection: variation exists regardless of organisms needs. These variations naturally “select” because of genetic advantages and disadvantages.

Question 8

What are the types of Natural Selection ?

Answer 8

Stabilizing: pick for the middle
Directional: pick for one extreme
Diversifying: pick for both extremes

Question 9

What the rates of Evolution?

Answer 9

Gradualism: Slowly over time
Punctuated Equilibrium: Catastrophism
short periods of rapid change.

Question 10

What is reproductive isolation?

Answer 10

Reproductive isolation: 2 mates of same species cant mate successfully anymore.
Type of Speciation

Question 11

What is Post-zygotic speciation?

Answer 11

Post-zygotic: the egg can be fertilized but the species doesn’t continue

Question 12

What is Pre-zygotic Speciation?

Answer 12

Pre-zygotic->
Behaviour: Different birdsong or being nocturnal
Geographic: can not reproduce because of distance->
Allopatric Speciation: one species becomes two. Different country
-> different traits are needed to survive so they become different enough to not be able to reproduce
Sympatric Speciation: same country -^