Improving Engagement and Motivation

Question 1

Name the three types of engagement.

Answer 1

Intellectual
Affective
Social

Question 2

Define social engagement.

Answer 2

Actively taking opportunities to discuss work related improvement with others at work

Question 3

Define intellectual engagement.

Answer 3

Thinking hard about the job and how to do it better

Question 4

Define affective engagement.

Answer 4

Feeling positively about doing a good job

Question 5

Why is engagement important?

Answer 5

Workers feel positively about the work
Turnover lowers
Productivity increases
Output increases
Quality increases

Question 6

Define motivation.

Answer 6

Emotions/factors that drive workers towards a goal

Question 7

Name the three theorists.

Answer 7

Taylor
Mayo
Maslow/Herzberg

Question 8

What is Taylor’s theory/Taylorism?

Answer 8

Motivation is an external factor achieved through money. Employees should be closely supervised and paid piece rate

Question 9

What is Mayo’s theory?

Answer 9

This brought sociological theory into management and accepted that employees could be motivated by meeting their social needs

Question 10

What is Maslow/Herzberg’s theory?

Answer 10

Motivation depended upon designing jobs to fulfil psychological needs

Question 11

What are the key ideas of Taylorism?

Answer 11

Work study- measured and analysed the tasks necessary to complete the production process, encouraged division of labour
Normal times- identified the most efficient employees and the approaches they used
Equipment and training- given elementary training and clear instructions on their duties and equipment necessary
Piece rate pay- paid according to what they produce

Question 12

What did Mayo conclude that motivation was dependent upon?

Answer 12

The type of job and supervision

Group relationships, morale and sense of worth

Question 13

What other developments did Mayo’s theory lead to?

Answer 13

Managers ensured that social needs were met
employees were provided with sporting and social
facilities
Work outings and trips become more familiar
More attention given to teams and team working

Question 14

What does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs look like?

Answer 14

Bottom:
Physiological
Security
Social
Esteem 
Self-actualisation
Top:

Question 15

Name examples of Herzberg’s hygiene factors.

Answer 15

Working conditions
Salary
Relationships with fellow workers

Question 16

List the ‘Motivators’.

Answer 16

Most Important:
Personal achievement- Company policy and administration
Recognition- Supervision
Interest in the work itself- Working conditions
Responsibility- Salary
Growth and advancement- Relationship with fellow workers
Least Important:

Left=Potential to satisfy
Right=Potential to dissatisfy

Question 17

How would you improve engagement?

Answer 17

Must know how engaged staff are at that time
Recruit the right managers and train them all
Make managers accountable for employee engagement
Recognise the value of communication in employee engagement
Involve senior managers

Question 18

What are some financial methods of motivation?

Answer 18

Salaries and wages
Piece rate
Performance Related pay (PRP) - bonuses
Profit sharing
Share ownership
Commission

Question 19

What are some non-financial motivation methods?

Answer 19

Job design - varied, interesting and challenging
Appraisal systems
Team Working - production teams (cells), quality circle teams and management teams