Impressions Flashcards
Raw materials of first impressions
physical appearence- e.g. attractiveness nonverbal communication (may be useful to detect deception) familiarity environments behaviour
Higgins, Rholes and Jones (1977)
Accessibility from recent activation.
Solomon Asch, 1946
Changing the independent variable from “warm” to cold”, made the participants rate the professor differently
Solomon Asch, 1946 /second experiment
Presented with six adjectives, the order had an impact on how positively the professor were rated
Configural model
Solomon Asch. Impressions are formed as meaningful wholes. (gestalt theory)
Anderson’s algebraic model
The general impression of others is a mathematical function of the perceived individual traits: a sum or a mean.
Cognitive approach
raw materials: physical appearance nonverbal cues behaviour familiarity, salience and accessibility. categories are then used to interpret the data. Both top-down and buttom-up processes
correspondent inference
attaching the trait to the person
Correspondence bias
people attach trait to the person, even when not justified by these criteria
superficial processing
uses single attribute
unwilling or unable to devote much time or effort to thinking. conservatism. (first impression unlikely to change)
systematic processing
uses multiple attributes
thinking more deeply, taking a wider range of info into account. requires: motivation and ability.
combine algebraically- combine configurally
sources of attribution
consensus
distinctiveness
consistency
attributions
laypeople’s inferences about the causes of behaviour
normative approaches
how people should make attributions if they were thinking rationally
descriptive approaches
how people actually make attributions with errors and biases