Important Things To Remember

Question 1

SNS

Answer 1

• the Sweat glands are controlled by the SNS but have an M3 receptor
• this is the only exception to the SNS

Question 2

Sertonin Syndrome Treatment

Answer 2

Cyproheptadine

Question 3

Vaginal pH

Answer 3

Low pH

• physiologic discharge
• candida

High pH

• bacterial vaginosis
• Trichomonas

Question 4

Thyroid Hormone production

Answer 4

• Iodine is taken into the follicular cell with the help of the Na+ gradient
• it is then oxidized by TPO = organification
• followed by iodination of the thyroglobulin molecule = by the Union of tyrosine
• MIT and DIT are coupled = condensation —> to make T4>T3
• T4 and T3 are remain within the lumen of the follicle bound to the thyroglobulin until it is released
• the release occurs proteolytically from the follicle

In the peripheral tissues T4 is converted to T3

Question 5

Innervation to vocal Cords

Answer 5

• the recurrent laryngeal innervated all vocal cords and is sensory for all vocal cords except for the cricothyroid. Sensory below the vocal folds
• innervation for the cricothyroid comes from the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve which runs proximally to the superior thyroid artery and vein which are very susceptible to damage by surgery
• the internal superior laryngeal branch provides sensory above the vocal folds

Question 6

Failure of migration of thyroid

Answer 6

• causes lingual thyroid which has no C cells because there would be no fusion with parafollicular C cells due to failure of migration

Question 7

What anti-lipid drug can cause hypertriglyceridemia when used alone?

Answer 7

Cholestyramine

Question 8

Ashkenazi Jewish Population

Answer 8

Tay Sachs, Gaucher, Bloom syndrome are common

- Gaucher is most common

Question 9

ACTH on Adrenal Gland

Answer 9

If excessive will cause bilateral hyperplasia of the zona fasiculata and reticular resulting in excessive cortisol production

Question 10

Familial Retinoblastoma

Answer 10

• eye issue and increased risk of osteosarcoma

Question 11

The optimal site for femoral nerve block

Answer 11

In the inguinal crease at the lateral border of the femoral artery
Ischial spine = pudendal nerve block
Femoral ring = upper opening of the femoral canal that contains lymphatic vessels and a lymph node. The femoral nerve is not in the femoral sheath

Question 12

Agents used for Urge Incontinence

Answer 12

• Oxybutynin
• Tolterodine
• Darifenicin
• Solifenacin
• Trospium

Question 13

MSK

Answer 13

Tennis players = lateral epicondylitis

Golfers = medial epicondylitis

Question 14

Prostate Drugs

Answer 14

Finasteride = for BPH, prostate cancer, and early male pattern baldness

Flutamide = treatment of prostate cancer in males

Question 15

Methanol intoxication

Answer 15

• metabolized to formaldehyde

- can cause blindness and retinal damage and metabolic disease

Question 16

Substances Removed by Zero order elimination

Answer 16

Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin

(PEA)

Question 17

Drugs that shouldn’t be given to Sulfa allergic patients

Answer 17

• celecoxib
• loop diuretics = furosemide
• Thiazide diuretics
• Acetazolamide
• Probenecid
• TMP-SMX
• Sulfonylureas
• Sulfasalazine

Question 18

Deficiency in pryuvate dehydrogenase

Answer 18

Neurological Defects

• Deficiency in Pyruvate Kinase = RBC hemolysis