Important Terms Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

total body water (TBW)

Answer 1

the sum of fluids within all body compartments

Question 2

intracellular fluid

Answer 2

all the fluid within cells
comprises about 2/3 of TBW

Question 3

extracellular fluid

Answer 3

all the fluid outside the cells
comprises 1/3 of TBW

Question 4

interstitial fluid

Answer 4

the fluid found in the spaces between cells but not within the blood vessels

Question 5

intravascular fluid (blood plasma)

Answer 5

the fluid found within blood vessels

Question 6

transcellular fluids

Answer 6

fluids contained within epithelial-lined cavities of the body
* smallest component of extracellular fluid
* ie: synovial fluid, cerebral spinal fluid, gastrointestinal fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, urine

Question 7

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 7

pushing force exerted by the water in the bloodstream
pushes water out of the intravascular space

Question 8

osmotic pressure

Answer 8

pressure exerted by solutes in solution
force that pulls water into the blood stream

Question 9

oncotic pressure (colloidal)

Answer 9

force exerted by albumin in the blood stream

Question 10

filtration

Answer 10

fluid movement out of the capillary and into the interstitial space

Question 11

reabsorption

Answer 11

fluid movement into the capillary from the interstitial space

Question 12

aquaporins

Answer 12

a class of water channel proteins that are permeable to water

Question 13

edema

Answer 13

accumulation of fluid within the interstitial space

Question 14

pitting edema

Answer 14

indentation or pit left in the skin after pressing on tissue

Question 15

localized edema

Answer 15

limited to a single body region often where trauma has occurred

Question 16

generalized edema

Answer 16

uniform distribution of fluid in interstitial spaces throughout the body

Question 17

dependent edema

Answer 17

accumulation of fluid in gravity-dependent areas of the body

Question 18

effusion

Answer 18

fluid accumulation within a body cavity or space

Question 19

diuretic

Answer 19

drug that promotes kidney excretion of sodium and water

Question 20

aldosterone

Answer 20

hormonal regulator of sodium and potassium balance
secreted by the adrenal cortex

Question 21

renin

Answer 21

enzyme which stimulates formation of angiotensin I which is converted to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor) which raises blood pressure

Question 22

natriuretic peptides

Answer 22

cause vasodilation and increase sodium and water excretion, decreasing blood pressure

Question 23

volume receptors and baroreceptors

Answer 23

nerve endings sensitive to changes in blood volume and pressure

Question 24

natriursis

Answer 24

renal excretion of sodium NA

Question 25

diuresis

Answer 25

renal excretion of water

Question 26

tonicity

Answer 26

the capability of a solution to modify the volume of cells by altering their water content

Question 27

isotonic

Answer 27

solute concentration equal to normal cells

Question 28

hypertonic

Answer 28

solute concentration higher than normal cells

Question 29

hypotonic

Answer 29

solute concentration lower than normal cells