Important Terms Acids and Bases

Question 1

nonvolatile acids

Answer 1

substances that can be eliminated only by the kidney

Question 2

weak acid

Answer 2

one which does not easily release it’s hydrogen ion

Question 3

examples of nonvolatile acids

Answer 3

lactic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, acetoacetic acid, beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 4

strong acid

Answer 4

one which readily releases their hydrogen ions

Question 5

acidemia

Answer 5

arterial blood with pH less than 7.40

Question 6

acidosis

Answer 6

a systemic increase in the hydrogen ion concentration or a loss of base

Question 7

alkalemia

Answer 7

arterial blood with pH greater than 7.40

Question 8

alkalosis

Answer 8

a systemic decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration or an excess of base

Question 9

metabolic

Answer 9

when altered pH is secondary to biochemical processes within the body

Question 10

respiratory

Answer 10

when altered pH is secondary to an issue with breathing

Question 11

compensation

Answer 11

renal and respiratory adjustments in response to primary changes in the pH

Question 12

hypercapnia

Answer 12

an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 13

hypocapnia

Answer 13

decreased plasma carbon dioxide