IMPORTANT QUESTIONS Flashcards
Define Quality as per ISO/American Standard.
According to International Standard Organization (ISO), “Quality is the fulfillment of the specified requirements for a product or service”.
Define Quality Control as per ASQC.
“A systematic approach to the search for excellence.
Define TQM & state its principles.
Total Quality Management is defined as a customer-oriented process and aims for continuous improvement of business operations. It ensures that all allied works (particularly work of employees) are toward the common goals of improving product quality or service quality, as well as enhancing the production process or process of rendering of services.
- Commitment from the management
* Plan (drive, direct)
* Do (deploy, support, and participate)
* Check (review)
* Act (recognize, communicate, revise) - Employee Empowerment
* Training
* Excellence team
* Measurement and recognition
* Suggestion scheme - Continuous Improvement
* Systematic measurement
* Excellence teams - Customer Focus
* Partnership with Suppliers
* Service relationship with internal customers - Process Oriented
* Thinking about the process
* Handling of the process - Decision Making Based on Facts Only and Not on Opinions
* Integrated, strategic and systematic approach to ensure the entire organisation is aligned
* Communication must be open and at all levels of the organisation.
What are the 7 tools of TQM?
- Cause-and-effect diagram : (also called Ishikawa or fishbone diagrams): Identifies many possible causes for an effect or problem and sorts ideas into useful categories.
- Check sheet: A structured, prepared form for collecting and analyzing data; a generic tool that can be adapted for a wide variety of purposes.
- Control chart: Graph used to study how a process changes over time. Comparing current data to historical control limits leads to conclusions about whether the process variation is consistent (in control) or is unpredictable (out of control, affected by special causes of variation).
- Histogram: The most commonly used graph for showing frequency distributions, or how often each different value in a set of data occurs.
- Pareto chart: A bar graph that shows which factors are more significant.
- Scatter diagram: Graphs pairs of numerical data, one variable on each axis, to look for a relationship.
- Stratification: A technique that separates data gathered from a variety of sources so that patterns can be seen (some lists replace stratification with flowchart or run chart).
What is Customer Retention?
Customer retention refers to a company’s ability to turn customers into repeat buyers and prevent them from switching to a competitor. It indicates whether your product and the quality of your service please your existing customers.
What are the concepts of TQM?
Total Quality Management is a strategic concept aimed at achieving continuous improvement across all elements and functions of an organization. This concept focuses on achieving customer satisfaction by improving quality across all aspects of operations, from design and development to production, services, and support. Employees are a crucial part of this process, being encouraged to participate in improving quality and developing processes.
Define Benchmark and its types.
Benchmarking is a powerful quality management tool that allows organizations to compare their performance to industry standards or other organizations.
- Internal benchmarking:
Internal benchmarking is a common type that involves comparing the performance of different departments within the same company. This can aid in identifying areas for improvement and sharing best practices. - Competitive Benchmarking:
“Competitive Benchmarking,” which involves comparing the company’s performance to that of its direct market competitors. This can reveal areas where the company is falling behind or excelling in comparison to its competitors. - Functional Benchmarking:
“Functional Benchmarking” compares the company’s performance to that of other companies in the same industry but offering different products or services. This can aid in the identification of novel practices and approaches to quality management.
What is Kaizen?
“Kaizen” refers to a Japanese word which means “improvement” or “change for the better”.
Kaizen is defined as a continuous effort by each and every employee (from the CEO to field staff) to ensure improvement of all processes and systems of a particular organization.
- Know Your Customer
- Let It Flow
- Go to Gemba (Real Place)
- Empower People
- Be Transparent
What is Six Sigma
Six Sigma is a set of methodologies and tools used to improve business processes by reducing defects and errors, minimizing variation, and increasing quality and efficiency.
Importance of QC in the garment industry
- Ensures that the garment is manufactured according to the specifications laid out in the tech pack.
- Makes sure that the garment is of the right size, color, shape, and quality.
- Helps reduce wastage and rejections due to incorrect measurements or materials used. This decreases costs significantly as you avoid producing more products than necessary.
- Helps get collections out on time by avoiding production delays due to errors.
- Allows you to deliver orders to customers well within the stipulated deadline.
- Empowers you to build stronger work relationships with buyers, leading to more business in the future.
What is fabric?
Cloth or other material produced by weaving or knitting fibers.
What are Yarn Defects?
A yarn which is not uniform is said to be irregular or to contain yarn defects or faults. These faults vary in their cross-sectional size and length.
- Foreign Materials: Unwanted matters like metallic components, plastic materials, or color fibers get mixed with yarn during different spinning processes and degrade the fabric’s appearance.
- Yarn Stains: It can appear from any source such as oil from machinery, factory dust, or improper way of handling materials.
- Mixed Yarn: Two different lots of yarn should never be mixed. Two mixing yarn lots result in the shade variation areas on the fabric due to the different color affinity of each lot.
- Neps Formation: Neps are an entanglement of fibers in a small ball form.
- Thick and Thin Place: These are the irregularities in the diameter of the yarn.
What is the 4 Point System?
- 4-Point System: The 4-point system for fabric inspections is a standardized method used in the apparel and textile industry to evaluate the quality of fabrics.
This system evaluates and grades fabrics, giving buyers and suppliers insight into the quality of their fabric.
What is Quality Circle?
A quality circle is a group of employees who perform a similar task at work and regularly meet in the workplace to detect and analyze workplace problems and devise solutions to these. There are usually between five and 15 members and management appoints high performing employees with excellent skills to take part in quality circles.
What is an Inspection Loop?
The inspections are done to control the quality is means by examining the products without any instrument. To examine the fabric, sewing, button, thread, zipper, garments measurement and so on according to specification or desired standard is called inspection.
