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Written Examination > Important Numbers > Flashcards

Important Numbers Flashcards

1
Q

Limited opening is…

A

below 27 mm (23 mm is example given)

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2
Q

Maximum opening is…

A

the distance between incisal edges + overbite

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3
Q

Maximum opening in adolescents and adults is… and lateral excursive is…

A

50 mm vertical opening and 12 mm lateral exursive

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4
Q

Most Cranium growth is completed by age…

A

5

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5
Q

Anterior Cranial base growth is completed by age…

A

7

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6
Q

At what age can you begin to superimpose lateral cephalograms?

A

Age 7

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7
Q

The anterior cranial base stops growing and becomes stable for use in superimposition at…

A

7 years

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8
Q

Neural Growth is completed at age…

A

6-7

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9
Q

Most rapid Somatic growth occurs at…

A

Birth to 2 years OR before birth OR conception to birth

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10
Q

How much will an 11 yo male’s mandibular molars erupt in a 2 year period?

A

1.5 mm

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11
Q

How much will an 11 yo male’s lower face height increase per year?

A

1mm/year

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12
Q

The maximum width of the skull is achieved at age…

A

7-8

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13
Q

The human eye can differentiate… shades of gray

A

16

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14
Q

Digital photography uses …-bit which gives… shades of gray

A

8-bit; 256 shades of gray

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15
Q

Gemination

A

1 root, 1 pulp > fused crown

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16
Q

Fusion

A

2 roots, 2 pulps > fused crown

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17
Q

Hypodontia

A

missing 1-5 teeth

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18
Q

Oligodontia

A

missing 6 teeth or more

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19
Q

If a patient is missing 3rd molars there is a…% changes of missing lower 5’s, …% chance of missing U2 and a …x chance to be missing other teeth.

A

3.4% missing lower 5’s
2.2% missing U2
13x chance to be missing other teeth
*no incremental likelihood of supernumerary or peg laterals

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20
Q

Genes responsible for tooth agenesis

A

MSX1 & PAX9

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21
Q

When do primary teeth start to calcify in the fetus?

A

14 weeks (upper and lower central incisors)

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22
Q

Mineralization of what teeth begins at birth?

A

Permanent first molars

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23
Q

At birth, which tooth as completed crown calcification?

A

Mandibular Incisors

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24
Q

The calcification of the upper and lower third molars…

A

varies greatly

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25
Q

Fusion of the Mandibular Symphysis occurs…

A

Shortly after birth; 3 months after birth; within the first year

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26
Q

How long should an extruded tooth be retained for stability?

A

6 months

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27
Q

Fraction of root formation when tooth begins eruptive movement

A

2/3rds

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28
Q

Fraction of root formation upon tooth emergence into oral cavity

A

3/4ths

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29
Q

how long does it take for completion of root formation after tooth eruption

A

2-3 years

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30
Q

What is the minimum number of lobes required to form a tooth?

A

4

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31
Q

The peak incidence of dental trauma occurs at what age?

A

8-10 yo

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32
Q

What is the compression rate for adult and child CPR

A

100 per minute

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33
Q

What is the adult CPR sequence?

A

30 compression & 2 breaths

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34
Q

How many minutes can the brain survive without oxygen?

A

6 minutes

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35
Q

For adult CPR a breath is given every …

A

5 seconds

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36
Q

The proper wavelength for curing/optimal wavelength for Camphorquinone is …

A

460-480 nm

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37
Q

The appropriate concentration of Sodium Fluoride in mouthwash for orthodontic patient is ..

A

0.05%

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38
Q

Tongue formation begins at week … in utero.

A

4

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39
Q

The tongue reaches its maximum size at age …

A

8

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40
Q

The primary palate is formed by the … week in utero

A

6th, 6-8 weeks

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41
Q

Secondary palatal closure in the fetus begins at week … and is completed by week …

A

10

12

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42
Q

At what time during fetal development does cleft lip/palate occur?

A

6-8 weeks

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43
Q

Cleft Palate develops during the … trimester of pregnancy

A

1st

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44
Q

Cleft Palate incidence is …

A

1 in 750 births (worldwide)

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45
Q

The most effective time to close a cleft palate surgically is …

A

one year after birth

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46
Q

In a cleft plate patient when is the appropriate time for alveolar grafting?

A

when the canine root is 2/3rds formed (to start eruptive process)

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47
Q

When is the best time for NAM treatment?

A

within 3 months after birth

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48
Q

Most developmental anomalies occur:

A

Embryonic (5-10 weeks) stage

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49
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome occurs by … in utero

A

day 17

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50
Q

Downs Syndrome prevalence is …

A

1 in 800 births

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51
Q

… mg of folic acid reduces the chance of cleft lip/palate by …

A

0.4 mg

33%

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52
Q

Most neurons in fetus at …

A

10 weeks after conception

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53
Q

Most synapses in infant at …

A

2-3 years

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54
Q

Fusion of the intersphenoidal suture occurs …

A

at birth, shortly after birth, 3 months after birth

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55
Q

Fusion of Spheno-Ethoidal suture occurs at …

A

7 years

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56
Q

Fusion of Spheno-Occipital sutures occurs at …

A

15-16 years, 15-20 years

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57
Q

Ossification of Sesamoid bone in hand-wrist film means …

A

1 year before maximum growth spurt (30% growth completed); 60-70% of growth remaining (SMI:4)

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58
Q

Peak height velocity occurs at age … in girls and age … in boys

A

12 girls

14 boys

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59
Q

Peak Height velocity happens from puberty for up to … months after

A

24 months

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60
Q

In normal girls, Peak Height velocity occurs … months before menarche

A

18-24

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61
Q

In late-maturing (late menarche) girls, peak height velocity occurs … months before menarche

A

6-11

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62
Q

Peak Height Velocity is measure in …

A

cm or inches PER year (it is a rate)

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63
Q

A Physician is concerned if a child’s growth is above the … percentile

A

95th

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64
Q

More radiation:

A

Tech 99 > CT

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65
Q

Increase in mandibular intercanine width from primary to permanent dentition is …

A

2 mm, “slight increase”

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66
Q

Primary to permanent arch length change is …

A

slight decrease

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67
Q

The greatest amount of mandibular arch length from the mesial of the molars is at age …

A

6

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68
Q

The greatest loss of arch length occurs at the … at age …

A

Maxillary second primary molar at age 6.5

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69
Q

Minimum total filtration required by a machine that operates in excess of 70 kvp is …

A

2.5 mm of aluminum (or the equivalent of that)

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70
Q

How long is x-ray film in the fixer?

A

10 minutes

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71
Q

The AAO standard for facial photo size is …

A

1/4th of life size

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72
Q

X-ray operators should not not exceed … Roentgens per week

A

0.1 Roentgens (100 milli Roentgens)

73
Q

The absorbed does of radiation is …

A

Grays, microGray

74
Q

The effective and equivalent doses of radiation is …

A

Sievert, microSievert

75
Q

What radiation does accounts for organs be irradiated?

A

Effective dose

76
Q

The range of normal Mandibular Plane angle is … degrees

A

27-37

77
Q

The difference between SN and Frankfort Horizontal is …

A

7 degrees

78
Q

Incisor angulation to arch length ratio is …

A

10:8

10 degrees of retroclination requires 8 mm of space (ie extraction)

79
Q

The normal range for the Nasolabial angle is …

A

94-110 degrees

80
Q

The ideal percentage of lower facial height is …%

A

55%

81
Q

In a 16 yo female, the ratio of upper to lower facial height is …%

A

43:57

82
Q

N-ANS is what percentage of N-Me?

A

45%

83
Q

Lower face height is slightly over … of total face height

A

over half (55-57%)

84
Q

The Hyoid is derived from which brachial arch?

A

2 (body) and 3 (greater wings)

85
Q

In the craniofacial complex there are … cranial, … facial and … total bones

A

8 Cranial
14 Facial
22 total

86
Q

There are … cartilages in the inferior 1/3rd of the nose

A

3

87
Q

Most nasal septum deviations occur in the … of the nose

A

inferior 1/3rd

88
Q

The Hyoid bone is located between … and …

A

C3 and C4

89
Q

The widest cervical vertebrae from C1 to C5 is …

A

C1 (atlas)

90
Q

Condyle width to AP lengh

A

Twice as wide

91
Q

The distance from the CEJ to the alveolar crest is …

A

2 mm

92
Q

To prevent black triangles the maximum distance from contact to Alveolar crest is …

A

5 mm

93
Q

The Facial nerve has … branches and they are …

A 
5
Temporal branch.
Zygomatic branch.
Buccal branch.
Marginal mandibular branch.
Cervical branch
94
Q

The normal incubation period for Hep b and C is …

A

1-6 months

95
Q

For antibacterial prophylaxis Clindamycin should be given to the patient … prior

A

1 hour

96
Q

Which molecules activate Aracadonic Acid Pathway/Prostaglandin production?

A

IL-1, IL-6, TNF alpha, BMP (*NOT neocytokines)

97
Q

What antibiotic should be used to treat patient who is allergic to Penicillin with a history of Rheumatic Fever?

A

Erythromycin

98
Q

Concerning dental classification the best to worst chewing efficiency is …

A

Cl 1 > Cl 2 > Cl 3

99
Q

Pain due to heavy pressure occurs after …

A

3-5 seconds

100
Q

An acceptable CO/CR shift is … mm but not a … shift

A

1 mm but not a lateral shift

101
Q

If a 2-3 mm posterior CO/CR shift exists at the completion of treatment a occlusal equalibration should be completed in the following manner ..

A

Grind mesial incline of upper and distal incline of lower

102
Q

TMJ sounds are a common finding in ..% of the population

A

25%

103
Q

Significant decalcification occurs in …% of patients

A

50%

104
Q

Avoid fluoride for …months to allow WSL to heal and remineralize

A

2-3 months

105
Q

Tatar control toothpaste reduced supragingival calculus by …% due to …

A

50% due to pyrophyosphate

106
Q

The first meeting of the AAO occurred in … in …

A

1900, St. Louis

“A-A-O the first meeting Nineteen-O-O”

107
Q

The first meeting of the ABO occured in … in …

A

1929 in Estes Park, Colorado

108
Q

… % of openbites self-correct

A

80%

109
Q

…% of openbites are treated

A

20% (opposite of the 80% of openbites that self-correct)

110
Q

The incidence of open bite … following puberty

A

decreases (80% self correct)

111
Q

Post extraction treatment, a study by Little found what fraction of mandibular incisor crowding relapse?

A

2/3rds

112
Q

The normal adolescent intermolar width is …mm

A

33-35 mm

113
Q

The normal adult intermolar width is …mm

A

36-39 mm

114
Q

The normal Bolton ratio 6-6 aka mesial 7 to mesial of 7 is …

A

91%

115
Q

Complete nasal obstruction leads to a … degree change in head posture

A

5 degree

116
Q

The lower third of the face is divided into:

A

1/3 upper lip

2/3 lower lip and chin

117
Q

Invisialign can correct …mm of anterior open bite (AOB)

A

2mm

118
Q

The limit of arch length discrepancy to be treated with a non-extraction modality is …mm

A

4mm (greater the 4mm, extraction)

119
Q

The swallowing force with teeth in contact is …g

A

100

120
Q

What the indications for Serial Extraction?

A

Cl I molar, moderate OB/OJ, severe crowding of 10 mm or more

121
Q

The appropriate force on a TAD is …g

A

100-200

122
Q

A power chain loses …% of elasticity/force in the first day

A

50%

123
Q

When etching for 15 seconds … micron loss

A

8-10 micron

124
Q

37% phosphoric acid etch for 30 seconds results in a … micron loss

A

2-10

125
Q

… is used to etch ceramic crowns for bonding

A

9% HF acid

126
Q

In a patient with a nickel allergy … wires should be used

A

TMA (contains no nickel)

127
Q

A SS archwire contains …% Chromium and …% Nickel

A

18% Chromium

8% Nickel

128
Q

In a SS AW Chromium adds the following property

A

prevents corrosion

129
Q

In a SS AW Nickel adds the following property…

A

adds flexibility (think NiTi)

130
Q

If the AW length is doubled the strength/force is …, Springiness is … and Range is …

A

strength/force is 1/2
Springiness is 8x
Range is 4x

131
Q

Lip bumper expansion, …% is accomplished in the first 100 days, then …% in the next 100 and …% in the last 100

A

50%
40%
10%

132
Q

If the distance between two magnets is halved the force increases …%

A

400%

133
Q

The magnetic force equation is…

A

1/r² , where r is the distance b/w the magnets

134
Q

Phase I Class 2 correction has a …% success rate

A

75%

135
Q

Twin block therapy results in …% skeletal correction

A

55%

136
Q

A … order bend is used for pure rotation

A

1st order bend

137
Q

The duration threshold of light force to produce tooth movement is … hours a day

A

4-6 hours a day

138
Q

In physiologic response to sustained pressure, tooth movement begins after … hours of force application

A

48 hours

139
Q

The range for normal eruptive force of a tooth is …

A

2-10 grams

140
Q

The optimum canine retraction force range is …

A

100-150 grams

141
Q

The force needed to intrude mandibular central incisors in …

A

20 grams

142
Q

The average force needed to intrude a Maxillary incisor is …

A

25 grams

143
Q

The order of two jaw surgery is …

A

Mx fracture, Mx fixation, BSSO, intermaxillary fixation , then Mn fixation

144
Q

A orthognathic surgery is considered highly stable if there is …% of significant post tx change

A

10%

145
Q

A orthognathic surgery is considered stable if there is less than …% of significant post tx change

A

less than 20%

146
Q

Rigid internal fixation is not needed for all surgery just …

A

combo (2 jaws)

147
Q

In advancement genioplasty, the ratio of hard and soft tissue advancement is …

A

1:1

148
Q

Of patients with gingival inflammation, …% have no progression of perio disease, …% have mild progression, and …% have rapid progression

A

10% no progression
80% mild
10% rapid

149
Q

A patient with congenitally missing U2 should be handled in the following manner…

A

Extract B and let U3 errupt, then distalize to create space, only 1% loss in 4 years

150
Q

The incidence of maxillary impacted canines is …%

A

1-2%

151
Q

The incidence of bilateral maxillary impacted canines is …%

A

8%

152
Q

Impacted canines are found palatal …

A

2/3

153
Q

Impacted canines are found facial

A

1/3

154
Q

Impacted canines are more common in male or females?

A

2x more common in females

155
Q

…% of impacted canines distal to the middle of the lateral incisor will self correct

A

91%

156
Q

…% of impacted canines mesial to the middle of the lateral incisor will self correct

A

64%

157
Q

The minimum ossteointregration necessary for implant success is …%

A

5%

158
Q

When 300 grams of force is applied for 3 months to titanium implants in animal studies, the …% are sucessful

A

94%

159
Q

Estimated implant healing time in the mandible is … months

and the maxilla is …months

A

Md 4-6 months

Mx 6-8 months

160
Q

Implants require …mm space

A

7mm

161
Q

When placing an implant head of fixture should be …mm far apical to the desired gingival margin

A

4mm

162
Q

The best time for implant placement is …

A

after growth has ceased

163
Q

A serial Ceph confirms growth has ceased after …months without growth

A

6 months (ok but 12 months better)

164
Q

The prevalence of Class II malocclusion in the US and Norther Europeans is …%

A

15-20%

165
Q

…% of Class II patients are due to retrognathic mandible

A

75%

166
Q

An Adenoidectomy has a …% success rate in correcting open mouth breathing

A

80%

167
Q

…% of non-ectopic third molars erupt normally

A

33%

168
Q

The normal oral temperature range is …

A

35-37 Degrees C

169
Q

Plus/Minus 1 Standard Deviation is …% of the sample

A

66-68%

170
Q

Plus/Minus 2 Standard Deviation is …% of the sample

A

96%

171
Q

Plus/Minus 3 Standard Deviation is …% of the sample

A

99.7%

172
Q

For a cephalometric study must have at least … patients

A

15

173
Q

Of the class two correctors …. steepen the occlusal plane and … control the mandibular plane angle

A

Herbst and Mara steepen the occlusal plane

Twin block control Mn plane angle

174
Q

Of the class II correctors the … demonstrates decreased overbite and overjet

A

Herbst

175
Q

Of the class II correctors the … does not change MP angle that much

A

Herbst

176
Q

It is appropriate to use the Twin Block in the …

A

late mixed dentition

177
Q

When replacing a lateral incisor with an implant, …% of the width of the central incisor is needed

A

66%

178
Q

N-ANS is …% of N-Me

A

45%

179
Q

The posterior to anterior face height ratio is …

A

40:60

Written Examination (3 decks)

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