Important Lil things to remember Flashcards
What are the 2 things that oxygen consumption are dependent on
- Deliver of oxygen (supply) and
- Use/consumption of oxygen (demand)
What causes Aortic/pulmonary stenosis
Trying to open the valve but it’s stiff, blood squeezes through during ventricular SYSTOLE
When is aortic/pulmonary regurgitation heard
During ventricular DIASTOLE- blood squeezes through because the valve doesn’t close well
When is Mitral/tricuspid stenosis heard
during DIASTOLE- ventricals relax when mitral valve opens but is stiff
When is Mitral/tricuspid regurgitation heard
During SYSTOLE- stop blood from going back to atria, but still goes through when ventricals contract.
What is the order of neural-humoral events (3)
- Anticipate exercise- vagal withdrawal (remove parasympathetic tone, allow heart rate to start rising)
- Begin Exercise- Sympathetic nervous system- cardiac accelerator nerve releases epinephrine as a neurotransmitter (increase heart rate)
- Hypothalamus triggers adrenal medulla- increase epi levels- get to max heart rate
How does high afterload (amount of pressure to pump blood out of ventricals) impact aortic valve opening and closing?
- The aortic valve will open at a higher blood pressure, so it will happen later because of a higher blood pressure
- The aortic valve will close sooner because it will have less time open. The heart has to adjust itself to beet more frequently or increase crontactility
- Aortic valve is open less.
What is the big point about increased blood pressure and high afterload
- High blood pressure leads to the aortic valve opening later and closing sooner, so the aortic valve is open for less time.
What activates smooth muscle contraction of the gallbladder
CCK and AcH
What causes the relaxation of the sphincter of oddi
NO and VIP
