IMPORTANT FIGURES NAMES Flashcards
1
Q
John Henslow
A
- Introduced Darwin to Britain leading figure in natural science
- mentor
- shape Darwins approach to science (induction and deduction)
- botanist
- introduced Darwin to Sedgwick and Herschel
- geologist
1
Q
John Herschel
A
- philosopher of science
- wrote Discourse on the study of natural philosophy –> shaped Darwins approach
- argued for induction and deduction
- description of fundamental law matched definition of theory (early model of H-D method)
- first used induction to get evidence then deduction to make conclusions
2
Q
Robert Darwin
A
- father
- wealthy physician who is invested in industrialisation
3
Q
Susannah Wedgewood
A
- mother
4
Q
Josiah Wedgewood
A
- maternal grandfather
- transform pottery making into an industry
5
Q
Erasmus Darwin
A
- paternal grandfather
- enlightenment philosopher
- 1st to propose that organisms evolve
- interest in science and abolition of slavery
- advocate transmutation for Britain –> 1st to propose transmutation
6
Q
Adam Sedgwick
A
- met a Cambridge
- natural scientist
- gave Darwin his first field training in geology during 2 week excursion in Wales
7
Q
Robert Fitzroy
A
- captain of HMS Beagle
8
Q
Francis Bacon
A
- developed induction and advocated for it (darwin was influenced)
9
Q
John Roy
A
- argued that idea that biologists need to learn the details about nature to demonstrate power and goodwill of its creator
10
Q
Carl Linnaeus
A
- invented Hierarchical classification and classify organisms into groups
- invented natural systems
11
Q
William Paley
A
- every creature made perfectly for the environment and therefore created by god
12
Q
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
A
- french transmutationist
- offered more fully developed theory of evolution by law-driven processes
- did not advocate for common ancestory
13
Q
John Cuvier
A
- argued a basic requirement for animals existence
-criticised Lamarcks theory
14
Q
Richard Owen
A
- studied Darwin’s fossil mammals most new to science and all extinct giant species living in south america
15
Q
John Gould
A
- identified Darwin’s finches, mockingbirds and rheas as distinct species
16
Q
Ernst Mayr
A
- calls this branching version of transmutation common descent
- advocated macroevolution
17
Q
Malthus
A
- human population can’t continue to increase exponentially –> consequently will be war, famine and disease
- conmvinced Darwin of brutality of nature
- Darwin (building on Malthus) –> recognises competition happens within species and between species
18
Q
Peter and Rosemary Grant
A
- research on Galapagos finches documents natural selection
- couldn’t do in a lab because national park rules limited them to no more than capturing, measuring and releasing finches
- real time data of natural selection (character displacement) of geospiza fortis on daphne major
19
Q
David Lack
A
- demonstrates niche partitioning of shags and cormorants
- studied Darwin’s finches on Galapagos –> only had circumstantial evidence
20
Q
Gregor Mendel
A
- conducted experiments that would establish how heredity works
- worked with beans and flowers
- figured out that traits are built by hereditary particles called genes
- individuals carry 2 copies of each gene (alleles)
-individuals inherit one allele from each parent
21
Q
Ronald Fisher
A
- explained a more advantageous being will live to reproduce and spread its genes = more copies of this allele within the population
- any allele that creates an advantage will become more common over time (natural selection causes evolution)
- acquired characteristics are not inherited (lamarck)
22
Q
Theodosius Dobzhansky
A
- did research on fruit flies
- used to demonstrate that variation is an abundant in nature as Darwin had once believed
- used reproductive isolation: evolved behavioural or genetic differences to prevent interbreeding
- his book (genetics and origin of species) married genetics to darwin
23
Q
Jingmal O’connor
A
- vetrebrae paleontologist who specialises in study of Mesozoic birds from age of dinosaurs
- lineage that gave rise to the modern birds: microraptor
- cenozoic (most recent), mesozoic era (middle, creatacous period, jurassic period), paleozoic era (oldest)
- microraptor: eat birds, lizards, fish
- conficiusornis: had ovarian follices could produce yolk fast, high metabolic rate = the ability to grow fast
= jeholornis: had a long tail with featehrs - thought would be a stabiliser for flights
- birds have evolved 3 to 4 times
