Important developments history Flashcards
why must certain criteria
it is important that pateints trust their doctors with their lives and their health
In order to justify this trust, doctors should have high level of respect for human life
how should doctors treat their patients
- politely and considerately - equally without discrimination and make them feel comfortable
respect the patients right to confidentiality - shows respect
what is important for doctors to remember
that they are personally accountable for their practice and that they must be able to justify their actions
these actions must align with the pillars of a doctor and the duties of a Doctor - a book published by the general medical council
what did the book of the duties of a doctor state
protect and promote the health of patients and the public
provide a good standard of practice and care
treat patients as individuals and respect their dignity
work in partnership with patients
be honest and always act with integrity
e.g. never abuse the trust that the patients puts in you
always act when you believe that a colleague is misusing their power or potentially putting a patient in danger
who is considered to be the father of medicine
Hippocrates is considered to be the father of medicine
- laid the foundation is most famous for setting ou the duties and responsibilities of a doctor, in what is now known as the Hippocratic Oath
what does the Hippocratic oath state
- the notion of free access to care
- the principle of beneficence (acting in the interest of the patient)
- the principle of non-maleficence
- the principle of confedientlity
the principles are outdated and modern doctors do not swear by it but many of the principles remain valid today
The roman empire
famous Roman physician Galen
- clarified the anatomy of the trachea and the first to demonstrate that the larynx generates the voice
- recognised the difference between venous and arterial blood
The Romans were the first civilisation to introduce a true public health system
what did the Romans do to promote public health
- built public baths to ensure that everyone could wash regularly at very low costs
the middle ages
Islamic physician:
-Rhazes was the first to differentiate smallpox from measles and for the discovery of numerous compounds including alcohols
also introduced the notion that even highly educated doctors did not have the answers to all medical problems
He advised practitioners to keep up with advanced knowledge by continually studying medical books and exposing themselves to new information
when did hospitals and medical schools appear
during the middle ages
the 16th and 17th centuries
Paracelsus discovers that illness was caused by gents outside the body such as bacteria, not by the imbalances within the body
William Harvey accurately describes the circulation of the blood around the body and found that the blood was pumped around the body of the heart
the 18th century
Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine, which was so successful that smallpox has been eradicated
-veterinary medicine was properly separated from human medicine
the 19th century
Cell theory
Germ theory
Anaesthesia
Antiseptics
-Ignaz Semmel-Weiss discovered that infections in the obstetrics unit following childbirth were most likely due to poor hand-washing by physicians
In the late 1860s, Joseph Lister helped greatly to reduce the rate of death from gangrene by dipping bandages and ligatures into carbolic acid and pouring the acid into the wounds to sterilise them
This marked the start of antiseptic surgery
the 20th century
notable discoveries included:
- Vaccines against tetanus (1925, with 2 new vaccines in 2015)
-measles (1963)
the rise of technology
inventions came enabling physicians to observe the body in a non-intrusive manner
These included:
-ultrasound imaging
-computerised tomography or CT scan (1970s)
-Positron - emission tomography, or PET scan (1975)
-Magnetic resonance imaging or MRI scan (late 1970s)
