Important dates and figures Flashcards
1) Who was Ambrose Paré?
2) What did he do?
3) When did he work?
1) A French Surgeon
2) Made cauterisation methods more humane; used ligatures instead of pouring boiling oil over the wound/a hot iron bar
3) 16th century, 1500s
When were blood transfusions banned?
1670 (high mortality rate)
When did Humphrey Davy discover Nitrous Oxide?
1799
What did Dentist Horace Wells use in a public demonstration in 1845?
Nitrous Oxide
1) When was Ether discovered?
2) By who?
1) 1846
2) William Mortan
Which American surgeon used Ether in 1846?
Which famous British surgeon used Ether in 1847
American; John Collin Warren
British; Robert Liston
1) What anesthetic` was discovered in 1847?
2) By who?
1) Chloroform
2) James Simpson
When did Ignaz Semmelweiss tell medical students to do in 1847?
To wash their hands in chlorinated water before treating mothers
What is a name for the peroid between 1847 and 1867 (hint; anesthetics)
The black period of surgery
Who was the first recorded death from chloroform and when did ‘they’ die?
Hannah Greener (while having her toenail removed) in 1848
1) When was the Chloroform inhaler invented?
2) Who was was it invented by?
1) 1848
2) John Snow
1) Which very famous public figure used chloroform to give birth to her 8th child? When?
2) Which famous public figure’s wife used chloroform to give birth?
1) Queen Victoria in 1853
2) Charles Dickens
In the Crimean war who discouraged chloroform from being used?
Why
An army medic banned use of chloroform thinking it was unmanly for the soldiers to have pain relief – he was ignored
When was the hypodermic needle invented?
1853
1) What did Louis Pasteur publish and when?
2) What did it say
1) The Germ Theory 1861
2) Germs cause infections, they can be killed by heat.
When was the Germ Theory proved?
Why was this important?
The germ theory wasn’t proved until 1864.
People often don’t believe things until they’re proved
Who was Joseph Lister?
A surgeon, he linked germs (Pasteur) with infection
How many people died from blood poisoning in 1867 on Lister’s wards?
None!
What was invented in 1878 that helped promote an aseptic environment?
The Steam Steriliser by Robert Koch
When were rubber gloves invented?
In 1889
What ways did hospitals promote an aseptic environment after the 1890s?
Wear rubber gloves, Face masks, Gowns, Sterile clothing. Instruments were sterilised
What was discovered in 1901?
Blood groups by Karl Landsteiner
What anesthetic was discovered in 1905?
Novocaine (this isn’t 1 of the 3 key anesthetics so you don’t have to learn anything about it)
Who performed the first successful blood transfusion using blood typing and when?
Reuben Ottenburg in 1907
What started in 1914?
WW1, it ended in 1918
What did Richard Lewisohn discovered could be added to blood to prevent it clotting? And when?
Sodium citrate in 1914
Who discovered that refrigeration stopped blood cells deteriorating in 1916?
Richard Weil
Which two people realised citrate glucose could be added to prevent blood clotting or deteriorating?
Rous and Turner
What was set up in Aldershot n 1916?
A plastic surgery unit by Harold Gilles
What method of plastic surgery did Gilles develop?
Pedicle grafts
What was set up during the battle of Cambrai in 1917?
The first blood depot
Who presented their work in Paris in 1892?
Pasteur
