Blood Loss Flashcards
How did 16th century surgeon; Ambrose Paré make ‘cauterisation’ more humane?
Paré used silk ligatures and metal clips to tie blood vessels instead of using burning metal/oil
Name the positives (2) and negatives (1) of Paré’s methods
+ Less painful - more humane than alternative
+ Improved healing time – didn’t burn skin
- Ligatures were difficult to tie correctly
What were the first blood transfusions between?
Human and a sheep
What happened in 1670?
Human-Human blood transfusions were banned because of their high mortality rate
Without the use of transfusions how did surgeons combat blood loss?
Cauterisation; burning metal/oil poured over wound
Tourniquets
Clips/ligatures
- They could prevent blood loss but couldn’t replace lost blood
Who gave the first successful human-human blood transfusion? And when?
Philip Syng Physick in 1795
Why did 1/2 of James Blundell’s blood transfusion patients die (1825-1830)
They had mismatched bloodgroups (before their discovery)
What happened in 1901?
Karl Landsteiner identifies blood groups, he shows that they have to match for transfusions to be successful.
Who performed the first successful blood transfusion using typing and when?
Reuben Ottenburg in 1907
Why after didn’t the discovery of blood groups solve the problems of transfusions?
The donor needed to be present throughout because blood couldn’t be stored outside the body as it clotted.
Why was there an increase in developments in blood storage in the early 20th century?
WW1 started 1914, there weren’t enough donors abroad and so many soldiers bled to death even if the wounds weren’t fatal
What are the three important groups of people who helped solve the problem of blood storage?
1) Richard Lewisohn
2) Richard Weil
3) Rous and Turner
What happened in 1914?
Doctor Richard Lewisohn discovers Sodium Citrate prevents blood clotting (the blood still deteriorates though)
Who was Richard Weil?
In 1916 Richard Weil discovered blood lasts longer when refrigerated.
What method did Rous and Turner use to store blood and when? What did this mea?
1916, Citrate glucose prevents blood clotting-can store blood and donor doesn’t have to be present
