important conditions and diseases Flashcards
clostridium difficile
C.Diff is bacteria that causes inflammation of the colon and.
Use gloves and gown when handling
Colitis
a chronic digestive disease characterized by inflammation of the inner lining of the colon.
Addison’s disease
A disorder in which the adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones. cortisol
Anuria
failure of the kidneys to produce urine. less than 100mL a day
Autonomic dysreflexia
syndrome in which there is a sudden onset of excessively high blood pressure. It is more common in people with spinal cord injuries that involve the thoracic nerves of the spine or above (T6 or above).
bradycardia
Slower-than-expected heart rate, generally beating fewer than 60 beats per minute.
Hypoxia
An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions.
Chadwick’s sign
Violet coloration of the mucous membranes of the cervix, vagina, and vulva that is one of the earliest signs of pregnancy
Cholecystectomy
Removal of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by stones
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
The progressive loss and ongoing deterioration in kidney function. It is characterized by a glomerular filtration rate of less than 60mL/minute for a period of 3 months or longer.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)
A chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing.
Chvostek’s sign
A spasm of the facial muscles elicited by tapping the facial nerve just anterior to the ear. Sign of hypocalcemia
Circulatory overload (fluid overload)
A complication resulting from the infusion of blood or intravenous solutions at a rate too rapid for the size, age, physiological status, or clinical condition of the recipient.
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.
Orthopnea
Discomfort when breathing while lying down flat; common in people with some types of heart or lung conditions.
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver damage from a variety of causes leading to scarring and liver failure.
Conductive hearing loss
A mechanical dysfunction or blockage of sound waves to the inner ear fibers because of an external ear or middle ear disorder. Can be corrected easily
Crackles
Audible high-pitched crackling or popping sounds heard during lung auscultation; result from fluid in the airways and are not cleared by coughing.
Crohn’s disease
Is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition.
Cushing’s disease
A serious condition of an excess of the steroid hormone cortisol in the blood level caused by a pituitary tumor secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is a hormone produced by the normal pituitary gland.
Cyanosis
The bluish color that results in tissues, such as the nail beds and mucous membranes, when tissues are deprived of adequate amounts of oxygen.
Cycloplegia
Paralysis of the ciliary muscles by medications that block muscarinic receptors.
Decerebrate (extensor) posturing
Stiff extension of one or both arms and possibly the legs; indicates a brainstem lesion.
Decorticate (flexor) posturing
Flexure of one or both arms on the chest and possibly stiff extension of the legs; indicates damaged cortex.
hyperglycemia
Refers to high levels of sugar, or glucose, in the blood.
hypoglycemia
A condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than normal.
Ketoacidosis
Your blood sugar is very high and acidic substances called ketones build up to dangerous levels in your body.
Emphysema
A type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The air sacs in the lungs become damaged and stretched. This results in a chronic cough and difficulty breathing. Smoking is the most common cause, but emphysema can also be genetic.
Fetor hepaticus
The fruity, musty breath odor associated with severe chronic liver disease.
Glaucoma
A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, the health of which is vital for good vision. This damage is often caused by an abnormally high pressure in your eye.
Glomerulonephritis
acute inflammation of the kidney, typically caused by an immune response.
Hemiparesis
Muscle weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the body that can affect the arms, legs, and facial muscles
Hemiplegia
a severe or complete loss of strength or paralysis on one side of the body
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus, bacteria, or exposure to medications or hepatotoxins.
Leukemia
A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body’s ability to fight infection.
Lochia
Discharge from the uterus that consists of blood from the vessels of the placental site and debris from the decidua; lasts for 2 to 6 weeks after delivery.
Lymphoma
A cancer of the lymphatic system.
pleurisy
Inflammation of the tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity. Sharp pain
neutropenia
An abnormally low count of a type of white blood cell (neutrophils).
Trosseaus sign
Spasms of the wrist by checking BP cuff to a level above systolic pressure for 3 minutes.
Tetany
A condition that is due usually to low blood calcium (hypocalcemia) and is characterized by spasms of the hands and feet, cramps, spasm of the voice box (larynx), and overactive neurological reflexes.
