important conditions and diseases Flashcards
clostridium difficile
C.Diff is bacteria that causes inflammation of the colon and.
Use gloves and gown when handling
Colitis
a chronic digestive disease characterized by inflammation of the inner lining of the colon.
Addison’s disease
A disorder in which the adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones. cortisol
Anuria
failure of the kidneys to produce urine. less than 100mL a day
Autonomic dysreflexia
syndrome in which there is a sudden onset of excessively high blood pressure. It is more common in people with spinal cord injuries that involve the thoracic nerves of the spine or above (T6 or above).
bradycardia
Slower-than-expected heart rate, generally beating fewer than 60 beats per minute.
Hypoxia
An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions.
Chadwick’s sign
Violet coloration of the mucous membranes of the cervix, vagina, and vulva that is one of the earliest signs of pregnancy
Cholecystectomy
Removal of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by stones
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
The progressive loss and ongoing deterioration in kidney function. It is characterized by a glomerular filtration rate of less than 60mL/minute for a period of 3 months or longer.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)
A chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing.
Chvostek’s sign
A spasm of the facial muscles elicited by tapping the facial nerve just anterior to the ear. Sign of hypocalcemia
Circulatory overload (fluid overload)
A complication resulting from the infusion of blood or intravenous solutions at a rate too rapid for the size, age, physiological status, or clinical condition of the recipient.
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.
Orthopnea
Discomfort when breathing while lying down flat; common in people with some types of heart or lung conditions.
Cirrhosis
Chronic liver damage from a variety of causes leading to scarring and liver failure.
Conductive hearing loss
A mechanical dysfunction or blockage of sound waves to the inner ear fibers because of an external ear or middle ear disorder. Can be corrected easily
Crackles
Audible high-pitched crackling or popping sounds heard during lung auscultation; result from fluid in the airways and are not cleared by coughing.
Crohn’s disease
Is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition.
Cushing’s disease
A serious condition of an excess of the steroid hormone cortisol in the blood level caused by a pituitary tumor secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is a hormone produced by the normal pituitary gland.
Cyanosis
The bluish color that results in tissues, such as the nail beds and mucous membranes, when tissues are deprived of adequate amounts of oxygen.
Cycloplegia
Paralysis of the ciliary muscles by medications that block muscarinic receptors.
Decerebrate (extensor) posturing
Stiff extension of one or both arms and possibly the legs; indicates a brainstem lesion.
