important conditions and diseases

Question 1

clostridium difficile

Answer 1

C.Diff is bacteria that causes inflammation of the colon and.

Use gloves and gown when handling

Question 2

Colitis

Answer 2

a chronic digestive disease characterized by inflammation of the inner lining of the colon.

Question 3

Addison’s disease

Answer 3

A disorder in which the adrenal glands don’t produce enough hormones. cortisol

Question 4

Anuria

Answer 4

failure of the kidneys to produce urine. less than 100mL a day

Question 5

Autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 5

syndrome in which there is a sudden onset of excessively high blood pressure. It is more common in people with spinal cord injuries that involve the thoracic nerves of the spine or above (T6 or above).

Question 6

bradycardia

Answer 6

Slower-than-expected heart rate, generally beating fewer than 60 beats per minute.

Question 7

Hypoxia

Answer 7

An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions.

Question 8

Chadwick’s sign

Answer 8

Violet coloration of the mucous membranes of the cervix, vagina, and vulva that is one of the earliest signs of pregnancy

Question 9

Cholecystectomy

Answer 9

Removal of the gallbladder

Question 10

Cholecystitis

Answer 10

Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by stones

Question 11

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Answer 11

The progressive loss and ongoing deterioration in kidney function. It is characterized by a glomerular filtration rate of less than 60mL/minute for a period of 3 months or longer.

Question 12

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)

Answer 12

A chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing.

Question 13

Chvostek’s sign

Answer 13

A spasm of the facial muscles elicited by tapping the facial nerve just anterior to the ear. Sign of hypocalcemia

Question 14

Circulatory overload (fluid overload)

Answer 14

A complication resulting from the infusion of blood or intravenous solutions at a rate too rapid for the size, age, physiological status, or clinical condition of the recipient.

Question 15

Dyspnea

Answer 15

Difficult or labored breathing.

Question 16

Orthopnea

Answer 16

Discomfort when breathing while lying down flat; common in people with some types of heart or lung conditions.

Question 17

Cirrhosis

Answer 17

Chronic liver damage from a variety of causes leading to scarring and liver failure.

Question 18

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 18

A mechanical dysfunction or blockage of sound waves to the inner ear fibers because of an external ear or middle ear disorder. Can be corrected easily

Question 19

Crackles

Answer 19

Audible high-pitched crackling or popping sounds heard during lung auscultation; result from fluid in the airways and are not cleared by coughing.

Question 20

Crohn’s disease

Answer 20

Is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition.

Question 21

Cushing’s disease

Answer 21

A serious condition of an excess of the steroid hormone cortisol in the blood level caused by a pituitary tumor secreting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is a hormone produced by the normal pituitary gland.

Question 22

Cyanosis

Answer 22

The bluish color that results in tissues, such as the nail beds and mucous membranes, when tissues are deprived of adequate amounts of oxygen.

Question 23

Cycloplegia

Answer 23

Paralysis of the ciliary muscles by medications that block muscarinic receptors.

Question 24

Decerebrate (extensor) posturing

Answer 24

Stiff extension of one or both arms and possibly the legs; indicates a brainstem lesion.

Question 25

Decorticate (flexor) posturing

Answer 25

Flexure of one or both arms on the chest and possibly stiff extension of the legs; indicates damaged cortex.

Question 26

hyperglycemia

Answer 26

Refers to high levels of sugar, or glucose, in the blood.

Question 27

hypoglycemia

Answer 27

A condition in which your blood sugar (glucose) level is lower than normal.

Question 28

Ketoacidosis

Answer 28

Your blood sugar is very high and acidic substances called ketones build up to dangerous levels in your body.

Question 29

Emphysema

Answer 29

A type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The air sacs in the lungs become damaged and stretched. This results in a chronic cough and difficulty breathing. Smoking is the most common cause, but emphysema can also be genetic.

Question 30

Fetor hepaticus

Answer 30

The fruity, musty breath odor associated with severe chronic liver disease.

Question 31

Glaucoma

Answer 31

A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, the health of which is vital for good vision. This damage is often caused by an abnormally high pressure in your eye.

Question 32

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 32

acute inflammation of the kidney, typically caused by an immune response.

Question 33

Hemiparesis

Answer 33

Muscle weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the body that can affect the arms, legs, and facial muscles

Question 34

Hemiplegia

Answer 34

a severe or complete loss of strength or paralysis on one side of the body

Question 35

Hepatitis

Answer 35

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus, bacteria, or exposure to medications or hepatotoxins.

Question 36

Leukemia

Answer 36

A cancer of blood-forming tissues, hindering the body’s ability to fight infection.

Question 37

Lochia

Answer 37

Discharge from the uterus that consists of blood from the vessels of the placental site and debris from the decidua; lasts for 2 to 6 weeks after delivery.

Question 38

Lymphoma

Answer 38

A cancer of the lymphatic system.

Question 39

pleurisy

Answer 39

Inflammation of the tissues that line the lungs and chest cavity. Sharp pain

Question 40

neutropenia

Answer 40

An abnormally low count of a type of white blood cell (neutrophils).

Question 41

Trosseaus sign

Answer 41

Spasms of the wrist by checking BP cuff to a level above systolic pressure for 3 minutes.

Question 42

Tetany

Answer 42

A condition that is due usually to low blood calcium (hypocalcemia) and is characterized by spasms of the hands and feet, cramps, spasm of the voice box (larynx), and overactive neurological reflexes.