Importance of Cultural Relativism Flashcards
This concept underscores the idea that the culture in every society should be understood and regarded on its own terms.
Cultural Relativism
This concept regards that one’s own culture and society is the center of everything.
Ethnocentrism
Judges another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture.
Ethnocentrism
Why do ethnocentric individuals declare that their culture/customs are superior to others?
Because ethnocentric individuals judge other groups based on their ethnic group or culture, especially with regard to language, behavior, customs, and other ethnic distinctions and subdivisions.
Why do ethnocentric individuals declare that their culture/customs are superior to others?
Because ethnocentric individuals judge other groups based on their ethnic group or culture, especially with regard to language, behavior, customs, and other ethnic distinctions and subdivisions.
An idea that everything about the other culture is wrong, unreasonable, detestable and wicked
Xenocentrism
An unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of race, sex, religion, etc.
Prejudice
A discriminatory behavior towards members of another race.
Racism
refers to research that fully studies one culture with no (or only a secondary) cross-cultural focus.
Emic
Refers to research that studies cross-cultural differences.
Etic
The perspective of an outsider looking in.
Etic
Shifts the focus from local observations, categories, explanations, and interpretations to those of the anthropologist.
Etic (Science-Oriented) Approach
A group of internal values and behaviors in an organisation. It includes experiences, ways of thinking, beliefs and future expectations.
Organizational Culture
What are the levels of organizational culture?
- Behaviors
- Values
- Fundamental Assumptions
Form the most observable level of culture, and consist of behavior patterns and outward manifestations of culture, such as perks provided to executives, dress codes, the level of technology utilized (and where it is utilized), and the physical layout of work spaces.
Behaviors
Underlies and to a large extent determine behavior, but they are not directly observable (as behaviors are). There may be a difference between stated and operating values (the values the organization espouses, and those that are actually “in use”).
Values
Are frequently expressed through norms–characteristic attitudes and accepted behaviors that might be called “the unwritten rules of the road.”
Organizational Values
An organization’s underlying assumptions grow out of values, until they become taken for granted and drop out of awareness. These levels may be viewed like an iceberg, with the most immediately visible level at the top, while the others are generally submerged or implicit.
Fundamental Assumptions
Where is the word “culture” derived from?
From the Latin word “colere”.
What does the word “colere” mean?
It means “to tend to the earth and grow, or cultivation and nurture.”
the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.
Culture
is a set of patterns of human activity within a community or social group and the symbolic structures that give significance to such activity.
Culture
In other words, it is the peoples’ way of life.
Culture
Is inclusive of all the beliefs and values shared by the population of a particular nation which includes the set of norms, behaviors, beliefs, customs, and values shared by the population of a sovereign nation.
National Culture
is a set of shared experiences, norms, symbols, and ideas that unite people at the global level.
Global Culture
a set of principles that govern the way we live and interact with others. These principles differ depending on where you are from, your background, etc.
Social/Cultural Distinction
In sociology, it is a social force that assigns different values upon different people in societies.
Distinction
means social recognition, or “whether the people of a given society would perceive a proposed group as sufficiently separate or distinct.
Social Distinction
also known as multiculturalism is a group of diverse individuals from different cultures or societies.
Cultural Diversity
is a representation that manifests itself to the world as a national community.
National Symbol
A symbol of any entity considering and manifesting itself to the world as a national community.
National Symbol
is a culturally learned customs, codes, and rules of behavior that are constant across generations.
Social/Cultural Heritage
is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values.
Cultural/Social Heritage
What is Social/Cultural Heritage often expressed as?
Tangible or Intangible Heritage
