Importance and Validity Flashcards

1
Q

Humanity first discovered truths through ___

A

Induction

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2
Q

____ reasoning emerged as a process less prone to bias, the ___ ___ was born out of this reasoning style

A

Deductive
Scientific method

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3
Q

Scientists have pushed for ___ knowledge through ___ over ____ knowledge (____)
This was noted to be an issue because we figured out research wasn’t ____ or being translated

A

Deductive through research
Inductive (clinical)
Generalizing

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4
Q

What are global (overarching) RCT indicators?

A
  1. Is there an experimental group that receives the IV/treatment/intervention?
  2. Is there a control/comparison group and what they are exposed to (if anything)?
  3. Participants are randomized to experimental/control-comparison condition/s
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5
Q

What level of evidence is an RCT?

A

Second highest level of evidence
True experimental design
Able to determine the presence of causality (between IV and DV), including accuracy (significance), degree (effect), and directionality (positive/negative)

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6
Q

Why are RCTs considered the second best level of evidence?

A

They are experimental so there a lot of checks for biases

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7
Q

What is a causal inference and what tests causal inferences?

A

Determine if the IV caused a change in the DV
RCTs test causal inferences

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8
Q

What words in the null hypothesis would indicate that we are testing correlation?

A

Relationship, association

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9
Q

What is importance?

A

How many people will this study reach
Do the results challenge existing (former knowledge)
What’s the likelihood that practitioners will adopt the study method

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10
Q

Where can the indicators of importance be found in a research article?

A

Intro and background: rationale
End of background: Research questions and hypotheses
Methods: external validity
Results: effect size

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11
Q

What are important concepts of validity?

A

Can I trust that the study results are true?
Was bias sufficiently controlled for with rigorous study methods?

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12
Q

What are some additional validity indicators in study design?

A

Participants: number, demographics, assessment characteristics
Group & Design variables: study design, factorial matching, within-between, random assignment
IVs: systematic manipulation, conceptual > operational clarity fidelity
DVs: valid and reliable measurement system, binding
Results: statistical significance

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13
Q

Where should we look for indicators in a research article?

A

Introduction/background: rationale, research questions/hypotheses
Methods 1: first paragraph (pull IVs and DVs)
Methods 2: Participants: descriptions & grouping variable
Methods 3: Procedures for implementing IVs and measuring DVs, analytic strategy
Results: Stats, significance and effect size for EACH research question

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