Implementing SDGs

Question 1

COP21 Agreement

Answer 1

Part of public international Law (Paris, 2015)

Global maximum limit of 1.5°C (emission peak has to be reached in 2021, not achieved)

Question 2

Different Types of Tipping Points

Answer 2

• Monostable tipping points (reversible)
• Multiple equilibria tipping points (irreversible)

Question 3

CO2 reduction in different sectors and their progress

Answer 3

Energy (biggest sector, good reduction)
Industry (second biggest, also reducing)
Buildings
Mobility (almost no reduction at all)
Farming

Question 4

Fair Share

Answer 4

Budget for emissions adjusted to the power of the economy of a given country.

Example: Based on modelled domestic pathways Germany could achieve it’s climate goals. However, based on fair share it’s much harder.

Question 5

European Unions Strategy for the Transport and Mobility Sector

Answer 5

Objectives:

1. Sustainable Mobility: 90% reduction in greenhouse gas emission bei 2050
2. Smart Mobility: Gather data, Integrated electronic ticketing for multimodal passenger transport, automated mobility
3. Resilient Mobility: Fair for all, highest standards of safety and security etc.

Question 6

Novel Entities

Answer 6

Novel Entities such as also microplastics have an unclear risk status. An impact assessment is often very hard or impossible.

PFAS: The European Chemicals Agency has proposed to the EU Commission to ban perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS). Such a ban will enormously change requirements on different system levels.

Question 7

Non-Exhaust Emissions for Vehicles

Answer 7

There are also emissions such as microplastics from tires that do not go through the exhaust of a vehicle. There are concepts such a brake encapsulation, stronger recuperation share or suction to gather the micro plastics from tires.

Question 8

Principles of the circular economy

Answer 8

For finite materials the options from best to worst are:
- extend life (repair)
- reuse/redistribute
- refurbish
- recycle

Question 9

The 10 Rs

Answer 9

• Refuse
• Rethink
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Repair
• Refurbish
• Remanufacture
• Repurpose
• Recycle
• Recover

Question 10

The Value Hill

Answer 10

Framework that helps to find and grow business models for the circular economy.

When a product/value is created it first needs to be:
- extracted
- manufactured
- assembled
- retailed

If the product then goes to waste the value is destroyed. It could however be:
- reused (Fairphone)
- refurbished (Refurbed shop)
- remanufactured (commercial vehicles)
- recycled (Nespresso capsules)