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Modern World History > Imperialism > Flashcards

Imperialism Flashcards

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1
Q

What is imperialism?

A

The takeover of a country by a stronger one with the intent of dominating its social, political, and economic life

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2
Q

Why did European countries want to own colonies?

A 
Natural Resources
Markets to sell goods to 
Nationalism
Social Darwinism (to civilize the natives)
To control trade routes
Spread Christianity
Worldwide naval bases
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3
Q

What empire ruled India before imperialism?

A

Mughals

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4
Q

Who took over in India after the fall of the Mughals?

A

British East India Company

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5
Q

Who did the English hire to conquer India?

A

British officers and Indian soldiers

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6
Q

What is a sepoy?

A

An Indian soldier that is fighting for the East India Company

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7
Q

What rumor caused the sepoy rebellion?

A

The new bullet casings were greased with pork and beef fat

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8
Q

Why did that rumor upset the sepoys?

A

Muslims don’t eat pork, and Hindus don’t eat any meat, especially beef

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9
Q

Who defeated the sepoys after the East India Co. left?

A

The British Government

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10
Q

What is the Raj?

A

The time period that India was ruled by the British GOVERNMENT

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11
Q

What were the problems that Europeans had in trying to conquer Africa before industrializing?

A

Terrain was impassable (mountains, deserts, etc)
Rivers were dangerous
Both sides had the same weapons
Malaria and other diseases

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12
Q

What inventions were created to that allowed the Europeans to take over Africa?

A

Railroads
Steamboats
Maxim Gun
Quinine

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13
Q

Describe how Africans were living before Europeans invaded?

A

There were hundreds of smaller tribes and ethnic groups, and they were used very little modern technology/were not industrialized.

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14
Q

How did David Livingstone create the urge to conquer Africa?

A

His reports of a slave massacre prompted the Europeans to invade to stop it, and they never left again.

He also mapped out much of the water routes that were used for the invasion

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15
Q

What kind of countries were invited to take part in the Berlin Conference? Who was not invited?

A

Powerful European countries were invited, African countries were not

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16
Q

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference?

A

To split up Africa without going to war with each other

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17
Q

What determined how much of Africa each country got at the Berlin Conference?

A

The amount of military and economic power the country had

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18
Q

What two African countries didn’t get taken over by the Europeans?

A

Liberia, Ethiopia

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19
Q

What did Europeans consider when deciding which areas to claim?

A

Natural Resources

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20
Q

What did they ignore when carving up Africa?

A

Tribal boundaries and ethnic groupings

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21
Q

Why did the plan to sell goods to Africans not work out for the Europeans?

A

The didn’t use currency

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22
Q

What is a cash crop?

A

A crop grown to sell for profit

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23
Q

What are four examples of cash crops?

A

coffee, cacao, peanuts, rubber, cotton, opium, indigo, etc.

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24
Q

What was different about Menelik II’s method of fighting the Europeans?

A

He was able to fight the Europeans with their own kind of weapons

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25
Q

How did African tribes react to colonization overall?

A

Sustained violent resistance

26
Q

What were four positives of imperialism in Africa?

A

less local warfare
Better health, sanitation, and medicine
Better life expectancy and literacy rates
Better technology

27
Q

What were five negatives of imperialism in Africa?

A

Lost independence and were used for forced labor
Many people died from new diseases, resistance movements, and famine
Africans never got the economic benefit of its resources
Totally destroyed African leadership, and put nothing in place when Europeans left
Dividing lines between tribes torn apart some ethnic groups, forced enemies to become allies, and set up the modern problems in africa

28
Q

What empire owned most of the Middle East from 500-1800 b.c.e.?

A

The Ottoman Empire

29
Q

Describe the Ottoman Empire at its peak.

A

It was the cultural, economic, and scientific capital of the world.

30
Q

Why did the Ottomans begin to fall behind the Europeans?

A

Lack of progress due to infighting and corruption

31
Q

Why did the Europeans want control of the Middle East?

A

Control of trade routes that connect the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, as well as oil eventually

32
Q

Define Geopolitics?

A

An area is seen as important because its location has strategic value to another country

33
Q

Who joined the Ottomans, and why would they do that?

A

France and Britain, so they could be the ones to take over the Crimean Peninsula instead of Russia

34
Q

What was the major difference in the European armies compared to the Russian army?

A

England and France had a smaller but industrialized and modern army, while Russia’s was old and huge

35
Q

What happened after the war to the Ottoman Empire?

A

They lost land to the Europeans and independence movements

36
Q

What did the Crimean War prove to the rest of the world?

A

That countries need to industrialize or be taken over by the Europeans

37
Q

How did the Egyptians try to modernize their country?

A

Built the Suez Canal
Started to plant cash crops and irrigation systems
Updated communication and transportation networks

38
Q

How much did that cost? Where did they get that money?

A

500 billion dollars, European banks

39
Q

How did the British use the debt to take over?

A

Britain used Egypt’s inability to pay its debt to force their way into the Egyptian government

40
Q

Persia is known as which country today?

A

Iran

41
Q

How did the Persians try to raise money to modernize?

A

By selling oil and tobacco rich land to European countries

42
Q

Why did that plan not work?

A

The rulers took all the money, and didn’t use it to modernize

43
Q

Which two countries invaded Persia and split it into “Spheres of Influence?”

A

Russia and Britain

44
Q

What is a “Sphere of Influence?”

A

A sphere of influence is any area in which one nation wields dominant power over a part of a different country

45
Q

Why did the US want colonies?

A

To use as markets, for cash crops, and as a trading post

46
Q

What crop was the Hawaiian economy based on?

A

sugar

47
Q

What was the Bayonet Constitution?

A

A constitution that the Hawaiian king was forced to sign that gave his power to the American planters

48
Q

Who helped the American planters take over Hawaii?

A

The United States Marine

49
Q

Was this legal? (invasion of Hawaii)

A

No

50
Q

How did the US get involved in the Philippines?

A

We were fighting Spain in the Spanish American War, and the Philippines were a Spanish colony

51
Q

What did the US promise to the Filipino people?

A

Independence from Spain

52
Q

Why did the Filipinos turn on the US?

A

Because we didn’t give them independence like we had promised them

53
Q

Who won the Philippine War, and how many lives did it cost?

A

America, 600,000 Filipino lives, and 4,000 Americans

54
Q

During what years did the US control the Philippines?

A

1902-1946

55
Q

What positive effects did the American occupation have on the Philippines?

A

Improved sanitation, education, and economy

56
Q

What do the elephant, coolie, and narrator represent in the reading “Shooting an Elephant?”

A

Elephant – Imperialism
Coolie – All native peoples
Narrator – All European countries

57
Q

David Livingstone

A

Scottish Minister who was the first European to explore the interior of Africa. His reports caused the Scramble for Africa

58
Q

Menelik II

A

Ruler of Ethiopia who beat the Italians when they tried to invade

59
Q

Queen Liliuokalani

A

Last queen of Hawaii

60
Q

Emilio Aguinaldo

A

Leader of the Filipino army

Modern World History (7 decks)

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