Imperial and Colonial Policy - 2 Flashcards
Chapter 8 Waller - NOT NEEDED FOR EXAM
How many offices per district were there in the British Raj and why?
3-4 due to the cost of pay and pensions
What policy did the Indian Civil Service use?
Divide and rule
What did the divide and rule policy emphasise?
The divisions within India based on race, caste, religion, occupation and region, and asserted Britain’s moral authority to reform
What division did the British exploit?
The educated Indians and illiterate rural masses
What three things did the INC criticise?
- British trading arrangements
- Restraints on Indian industry
- Heavy taxation which Indians were focred to pay to pay the high-earning British civil servants
When was the Imperial cadet corps founded and by whom?
1901 by Curzon
What did the Imperial Cadet Corps aim to do in India?
Give native princes and elite figures military training and special officer commissions
Who introduced the gold standard and why?
Curzon to ensure a stable currency
When was the partition of Bengal?
October 1905
Who initiated the partition of Bengal
Curzon
What was the partition of Bengal?
The decision that Bengal should be divided into two separate provinces
Who would be in East Bengal?
A Muslim majority
Who would be in West Bengal?
A Hindu majority
What were 3 results of the partition?
- Strikes
- Protests
- Boycotts of British made goods
Following protests, when was Bengal reunited?
1911
What was Egypt regarded as before 1914?
A veiled protectorate with the British running Egyptian affairs and keeping watch over the government
Who did Egypt belong to, despite a strong British presence?
Turkey - with the Sultan as the Khedive’’s overlord
what controlled Egypt’s finances?
The Caisse de la Detta
What was the Caisse de la Detta?
An initiative which saw 50% of Egypts revenue paying European bond holders
What role did Baring have to the Khedive?
He was an advisor between 1883-1907
How many Brits worked in the government in Egypt by 1905?
1,000
What did Baring do to balance Egypts payments and resolve the £70m in debt?
Cut back expenditure on military and bureaucracy
What did Baring do for Egyptian labourers?
Improved conditions and introduced better sanitation and health services
How many troops did Baring place in the Egyptian army?
6,000
What education was Egyptians offered?
A few years of elementary school
By the late 1890s, what was growing in Egypt?
A middle-class nationalist movement
What fueled middle-class nationalism in Egypt?
Newspapers which attacked the British for failing to deal with the corruption of the Khedive’s government and doing little to help the poor
What was complained about regarding education in Egypt?
That there was a lack of opportunities for education and for educated Egyptians and it seemed even less likely that Egypt would be able to run their own government
In 1913, what replaced the Advisory Council of Laws and General Assembly in Egypt?
The Legislative Assembly
How many elected members were a part of the Legislative Assembly?
66
How many appointed nominees were a part of the Legislative Assembly?
17
Who did the Legislative Assembly represent?
Rich landowners
What was occurring between Britain and Germany?
Tension’s over territory
What conference was held in 1909 and why?
An Imperial Conference was held on defence and the formation of a dominion fleet between Britain and Germany
What did Britain accept after the Imperial Conference?
That they couldn’t maintain a ‘two power standard’
What was a ‘two power standard’?
Where Britain could match the two next strongest naval powers
How much did Britain settle for over Germany’s naval fleet?
60% margin over Germany
When did Britain withdraw their navy from the Mediterranean?
July 1912 to redeploy it to the North Sea
What happened to the army in 1912?
It was remodelled for deployment on the European mainland
Who did Britain become reliant on after 1912?
France
Why did Britain rely on France after 1912
To protect their Mediterranean interests and naval approaches to Egypt
