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The British Empire > Imperial and Colonial Policy - 2 > Flashcards

Imperial and Colonial Policy - 2 Flashcards

Chapter 8 Waller - NOT NEEDED FOR EXAM

1
Q

How many offices per district were there in the British Raj and why?

A

3-4 due to the cost of pay and pensions

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2
Q

What policy did the Indian Civil Service use?

A

Divide and rule

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3
Q

What did the divide and rule policy emphasise?

A

The divisions within India based on race, caste, religion, occupation and region, and asserted Britain’s moral authority to reform

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4
Q

What division did the British exploit?

A

The educated Indians and illiterate rural masses

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5
Q

What three things did the INC criticise?

A
  1. British trading arrangements
  2. Restraints on Indian industry
  3. Heavy taxation which Indians were focred to pay to pay the high-earning British civil servants
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6
Q

When was the Imperial cadet corps founded and by whom?

A

1901 by Curzon

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7
Q

What did the Imperial Cadet Corps aim to do in India?

A

Give native princes and elite figures military training and special officer commissions

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8
Q

Who introduced the gold standard and why?

A

Curzon to ensure a stable currency

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9
Q

When was the partition of Bengal?

A

October 1905

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10
Q

Who initiated the partition of Bengal

A

Curzon

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11
Q

What was the partition of Bengal?

A

The decision that Bengal should be divided into two separate provinces

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12
Q

Who would be in East Bengal?

A

A Muslim majority

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13
Q

Who would be in West Bengal?

A

A Hindu majority

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14
Q

What were 3 results of the partition?

A
  1. Strikes
  2. Protests
  3. Boycotts of British made goods
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15
Q

Following protests, when was Bengal reunited?

A

1911

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16
Q

What was Egypt regarded as before 1914?

A

A veiled protectorate with the British running Egyptian affairs and keeping watch over the government

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17
Q

Who did Egypt belong to, despite a strong British presence?

A

Turkey - with the Sultan as the Khedive’’s overlord

18
Q

what controlled Egypt’s finances?

A

The Caisse de la Detta

19
Q

What was the Caisse de la Detta?

A

An initiative which saw 50% of Egypts revenue paying European bond holders

20
Q

What role did Baring have to the Khedive?

A

He was an advisor between 1883-1907

21
Q

How many Brits worked in the government in Egypt by 1905?

A

1,000

22
Q

What did Baring do to balance Egypts payments and resolve the £70m in debt?

A

Cut back expenditure on military and bureaucracy

23
Q

What did Baring do for Egyptian labourers?

A

Improved conditions and introduced better sanitation and health services

24
Q

How many troops did Baring place in the Egyptian army?

A

6,000

25
Q

What education was Egyptians offered?

A

A few years of elementary school

26
Q

By the late 1890s, what was growing in Egypt?

A

A middle-class nationalist movement

27
Q

What fueled middle-class nationalism in Egypt?

A

Newspapers which attacked the British for failing to deal with the corruption of the Khedive’s government and doing little to help the poor

28
Q

What was complained about regarding education in Egypt?

A

That there was a lack of opportunities for education and for educated Egyptians and it seemed even less likely that Egypt would be able to run their own government

29
Q

In 1913, what replaced the Advisory Council of Laws and General Assembly in Egypt?

A

The Legislative Assembly

30
Q

How many elected members were a part of the Legislative Assembly?

A

66

31
Q

How many appointed nominees were a part of the Legislative Assembly?

A

17

32
Q

Who did the Legislative Assembly represent?

A

Rich landowners

33
Q

What was occurring between Britain and Germany?

A

Tension’s over territory

34
Q

What conference was held in 1909 and why?

A

An Imperial Conference was held on defence and the formation of a dominion fleet between Britain and Germany

35
Q

What did Britain accept after the Imperial Conference?

A

That they couldn’t maintain a ‘two power standard’

36
Q

What was a ‘two power standard’?

A

Where Britain could match the two next strongest naval powers

37
Q

How much did Britain settle for over Germany’s naval fleet?

A

60% margin over Germany

38
Q

When did Britain withdraw their navy from the Mediterranean?

A

July 1912 to redeploy it to the North Sea

39
Q

What happened to the army in 1912?

A

It was remodelled for deployment on the European mainland

40
Q

Who did Britain become reliant on after 1912?

A

France

41
Q

Why did Britain rely on France after 1912

A

To protect their Mediterranean interests and naval approaches to Egypt

The British Empire (6 decks)

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