Attitudes to Empire - the role and influence of individuals - 2 Flashcards
Chapter 10 in Waller - NOT NEEDED FOR EXAM
Who was Joseph Chamberlain?
A radical British politician who worked on social reform and was an ardent imperialist.
What did Chamberlain care more about?
He was a constructive radical, caring more for practical success than party loyalty or ideological commitment.
What two roles did Chamberlain turn down in order to become Secretary of State for the Colonies and when?
Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary in 1895
What did Chamberlain believe about effective use of the Empire?
That it would sustain British prosperity and prestige
What years was Chamberlain colonial secretary?
1895-1903
What was Chamberlain interested in the most and what was his nickname?
He was most interested in expansion into Africa
His nickname was Joseph Africanus
What did Chamberlain oversee in 1900?
The acquisition of the territories of the Royal Niger Company which became formal British colonies
When did Chamberlain summon and chair two Colonial Conferences?
1897
1902
What two things did Chamberlain propose at the two Colonial Conferences?
- Imperial defence
- A customs union
They were rejected
What two things did Chamberlain believe in that prompted him to invest in less profitable areas of the Empire?
Promote tropical trade
Imperial duty
How was Chamberlain viewed when the Boer War of 1899 broke out?
A national hero
How did Chamberlain’s status of a national hero change as the Boer war went on?
He lost some of his glory, resulting in him losing the chance of PM and resigning as Colonial Secretary in 1903
What campaign did Chamberlain start to fight back against him missing the PM role?
A ‘tariff reform’
What was the tariff reform?
An attempt led by Chamberlain to convince the British public on the need for duties on foreign goods to give the colonies ‘imperial preference’ and access the British market.
What was Chamberlain convinced of?
That favourable trade between Britain and the colonies would benefit Britain and reduce unemployment
How did Cecil Rhodes use his power to influence British audiences?
He used his vast wealth, political power and control of Cape newspapers to convince audiences of the right and duty to dominate Africa
What did Rhodes want to establish?
British rule from the north to the south of Africa, linking the cape to Egypt and Sudan
What did Rhodes plan to do to the Boers?
Outflank the Boer republic of the Transvaal to gain access to the railway line through the north of the Cape through Bechuanaland
When did Rhodes resign as PM of the Cape and why?
1896 due to the Jameson raid and his involvement with that.
When was Lord Curzon appointed as Viceory of India?
1899
What did Curzon believe in and what did he work to do?
He believed in a moral imperial duty and worked to strengthen British India
What four changes did Curzon oversee within India?
- Re-arming of native regiments
- Expansion of provincial police
- Promotion of scientific and medical education
- Construction of 6,000 miles of railway
What force did Curzon find?
The Imperial Cadet Force to give Indian nobles a military role and the prospect of officer commissions
When was Curzon’s lavish Delhi Durbar?
1903
What were three opinions Curzon had of Indians?
- He mistrusted Hindu’s and refused to appoint them to senior roles
- He believed they were racially below the white man
- He only gave them the freedom to try to deter them from abdicating or rebelling
When was Baring Consul-General?
Between 1883-1907
What did Baring believe about Egypt?
That a long occupation was essential
What guiding principle did Baring introduce?
The Granville Doctrine
What was the Granville Doctrine?
A doctrine which allowed Baring to dismiss Egyptian ministers who refused to accept British directives
What did Baring think of the Egyptian army?
That they were untrustworthy due to previous mutinies against the Khedive
What were three things Baring did in Egypt?
- Dealt with the budget
- Promoted irrigation projects
- Helped bring economic prosperity to Egypt
How did Baring view Egypt between Christianity and Islam?
A battle ground between Christianity and Islam
Four things Baring took action to?
- Stop the slave supply into Egypt
- Outlaw punishment by use of the kurbash
- Close gambling houses
- Stop local money-lending and extortion by establishing the National Bank and Post Office Savings Bank
Why was Baring forced to resign?
Controversy following the flogging and hanging of local officials at Denshawai in 1906.
