Attitudes to Empire - the role and influence of individuals - 2

Question 1

Who was Joseph Chamberlain?

Answer 1

A radical British politician who worked on social reform and was an ardent imperialist.

Question 2

What did Chamberlain care more about?

Answer 2

He was a constructive radical, caring more for practical success than party loyalty or ideological commitment.

Question 3

What two roles did Chamberlain turn down in order to become Secretary of State for the Colonies and when?

Answer 3

Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary in 1895

Question 4

What did Chamberlain believe about effective use of the Empire?

Answer 4

That it would sustain British prosperity and prestige

Question 5

What years was Chamberlain colonial secretary?

Answer 5

1895-1903

Question 6

What was Chamberlain interested in the most and what was his nickname?

Answer 6

He was most interested in expansion into Africa

His nickname was Joseph Africanus

Question 7

What did Chamberlain oversee in 1900?

Answer 7

The acquisition of the territories of the Royal Niger Company which became formal British colonies

Question 8

When did Chamberlain summon and chair two Colonial Conferences?

Answer 8

1897

1902

Question 9

What two things did Chamberlain propose at the two Colonial Conferences?

Answer 9

1. Imperial defence
2. A customs union
   They were rejected

Question 10

What two things did Chamberlain believe in that prompted him to invest in less profitable areas of the Empire?

Answer 10

Promote tropical trade

Imperial duty

Question 11

How was Chamberlain viewed when the Boer War of 1899 broke out?

Answer 11

A national hero

Question 12

How did Chamberlain’s status of a national hero change as the Boer war went on?

Answer 12

He lost some of his glory, resulting in him losing the chance of PM and resigning as Colonial Secretary in 1903

Question 13

What campaign did Chamberlain start to fight back against him missing the PM role?

Answer 13

A ‘tariff reform’

Question 14

What was the tariff reform?

Answer 14

An attempt led by Chamberlain to convince the British public on the need for duties on foreign goods to give the colonies ‘imperial preference’ and access the British market.

Question 15

What was Chamberlain convinced of?

Answer 15

That favourable trade between Britain and the colonies would benefit Britain and reduce unemployment

Question 16

How did Cecil Rhodes use his power to influence British audiences?

Answer 16

He used his vast wealth, political power and control of Cape newspapers to convince audiences of the right and duty to dominate Africa

Question 17

What did Rhodes want to establish?

Answer 17

British rule from the north to the south of Africa, linking the cape to Egypt and Sudan

Question 18

What did Rhodes plan to do to the Boers?

Answer 18

Outflank the Boer republic of the Transvaal to gain access to the railway line through the north of the Cape through Bechuanaland

Question 19

When did Rhodes resign as PM of the Cape and why?

Answer 19

1896 due to the Jameson raid and his involvement with that.

Question 20

When was Lord Curzon appointed as Viceory of India?

Answer 20

1899

Question 21

What did Curzon believe in and what did he work to do?

Answer 21

He believed in a moral imperial duty and worked to strengthen British India

Question 22

What four changes did Curzon oversee within India?

Answer 22

1. Re-arming of native regiments
2. Expansion of provincial police
3. Promotion of scientific and medical education
4. Construction of 6,000 miles of railway

Question 23

What force did Curzon find?

Answer 23

The Imperial Cadet Force to give Indian nobles a military role and the prospect of officer commissions

Question 24

When was Curzon’s lavish Delhi Durbar?

Answer 24

1903

Question 25

What were three opinions Curzon had of Indians?

Answer 25

1. He mistrusted Hindu’s and refused to appoint them to senior roles
2. He believed they were racially below the white man
3. He only gave them the freedom to try to deter them from abdicating or rebelling

Question 26

When was Baring Consul-General?

Answer 26

Between 1883-1907

Question 27

What did Baring believe about Egypt?

Answer 27

That a long occupation was essential

Question 28

What guiding principle did Baring introduce?

Answer 28

The Granville Doctrine

Question 29

What was the Granville Doctrine?

Answer 29

A doctrine which allowed Baring to dismiss Egyptian ministers who refused to accept British directives

Question 30

What did Baring think of the Egyptian army?

Answer 30

That they were untrustworthy due to previous mutinies against the Khedive

Question 31

What were three things Baring did in Egypt?

Answer 31

1. Dealt with the budget
2. Promoted irrigation projects
3. Helped bring economic prosperity to Egypt

Question 32

How did Baring view Egypt between Christianity and Islam?

Answer 32

A battle ground between Christianity and Islam

Question 33

Four things Baring took action to?

Answer 33

1. Stop the slave supply into Egypt
2. Outlaw punishment by use of the kurbash
3. Close gambling houses
4. Stop local money-lending and extortion by establishing the National Bank and Post Office Savings Bank

Question 34

Why was Baring forced to resign?

Answer 34

Controversy following the flogging and hanging of local officials at Denshawai in 1906.