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Kinesiology -- Gait > Impairments That Interfere With Walking > Flashcards

Impairments That Interfere With Walking Flashcards

1
Q

Deviations of impaired proprioception?

A
  • the individual aligns the GRF such that they can rely on passive structures during stance phases to ensure stability during these phases
  • wide BOS
  • excessive variability
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2
Q

Deviations observed with an impaired vestibular function?

A
  • the individual has limited head motion
  • wide BOS
  • limited time in single limb stance
  • poor reactive balance
  • having greater difficulty in conditions of low light
  • surfaces with an incline
  • surfaces that are compliant
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3
Q

Deviations observed with pain?

A
  • reduced time in single limb stance
  • limited motion during phases which have a high joint moment
  • grimaces during walking
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4
Q

What is the impairment if that individual:

  • compensation with knee hyperextension during WA phases and Midstance to keep the flat foot on the ground
  • foot flat contact
  • excessive ankle plantarflexion at LR, MSt, and TSt
  • early heel off during late Midstance
  • excessive plantarflexion during swing limb advancement along with a compensatory strategy to clear the swing limb
A

Shortened gastroc/soleus with -15 degrees of ankle dorsiflexion motion

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5
Q

What is the impairment if the individual:

  • compensates with a heel off through all stance phases
  • excessive plantarflexion along with a compensatory strategy to clear the swing limb during swing limb advancement
  • forefoot contact
  • plantarflexion during all phases of gait
A

shortened gastroc/soleus with -30 degrees of ankle dorsiflexion motion

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6
Q

What is the impairment if the individual:

  • excessive hip and knee flexion during all stance phases except for preswing
  • terminal swing will be particularly problematic as the hamstrings will be on maximal stretch
A

Shortened hamstrings with popliteal angle of at least 45 degrees (lacks knee extension)

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7
Q

What is the impairment if the individual:

  • walks with excessive hip flexion, along with knee flexion and dorsiflexion during all stance phases
  • has an anterior pelvic tilt
  • terminal stance will be particularly problematic as the iliopsoas will be on maximal stretch
A

Shortened iliopsoas with a Thomas test of at least 10 degrees (lacks hip extension)

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8
Q

What is the impairment if the individual:

  • has excessive plantarflexion throughout the gait pattern
  • a compensatory mechanism observed to clear the swing limb
  • knee wobble observed at WA
A

Hypertonicity of gastroc-soleus

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9
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • excessive knee flexion during stance phases and at terminal swing
  • excessive hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion during stance phases
A

Hypertonicity of hamstrings

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10
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • difficulty with swing limb advancement, particularly at preswing and initial swing
  • limited knee flexion at LR, preswing, and initial swing
  • limited hip flexion at LR, preswing, and initial swing
  • knee wobble at LR and preswing
A

Hypertonicity of quadriceps

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11
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • difficulty with terminal stance
  • excessive hip flexion at terminal stance
  • anterior pelvic tilt
  • as the limb is unloaded during swing limb advancement, there is a jerky motion at the thigh
A

Hypertonicity of iliopsoas

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12
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • greatest difficulty with swing limb advancement
  • forefoot contact or a foot slap
  • excessive plantarflexion during swing limb advancement (foot drop)
  • compensatory strategy to clear the swing limb
A

Weak Tibialis anterior

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13
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • difficulty stabilizing the limb in single limb stance
  • excessive dorsiflexion along with knee flexion and hip flexion in Midstance and terminal stance
  • has difficulty pushing the knee forward using plantarflexion during preswing
  • excessive dorsiflexion and limited knee and hip flexion at preswing
A

Weak gastroc-soleus

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14
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • greatest difficulty with loading response
  • forefoot contact
  • extensor thrust at loading response
  • forward trunk lean
  • subtle knee hyperextension at LR
  • excessive knee flexion at terminal swing
A

Weak quadriceps

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15
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • greatest difficulty at terminal swing
  • unable to decelerate the tibia
  • knee hyperextension or a past retract at terminal swing
A

Weak hamstrings

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16
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • difficulty with swing limb advancement
  • limited hip and knee flexion at preswing but most problematic at initial swing
  • external hip rotation during swing limb advancement
  • foot drag or a compensatory strategy to clear the swing limb (hip abduction or hip hiking)
A

Weak iliopsoas and Rectus femoris

17
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • greatest difficulty with swing limb advancement
  • relies on abdominals to advance the swing limb
  • limited hip and knee flexion throughout swing limb advancement
  • hip flexion is accomplished through a past retract mechanism
  • forward trunk lean and abdominals contracted at preswing
  • quickly moves trunk back with abdominals active during initial swing and midswing
  • trunk lean pulls pelvis into posterior tilt, pulling the thigh to a flexed position
A

Weak iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and adductor longus

18
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • greatest difficulty with WA
  • forward trunk lean in WA (unilateral impairment))
  • head bobbing (unilateral impairment)
  • leans trunk back at WA (compensated gait pattern and bilateral impairment)
A

Weak gluteus Maximus

19
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • greatest difficulty with single limb phases
  • contralateral pelvic drop
  • lateral trunk lean toward the reference limb to reduce the load requirement on the impaired muscle
A

Weak gluteus medius

20
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • difficulty moving the joint into dorsiflexion and bearing weight during single limb support phases
  • excessive plantarflexion during Midstance and terminal stance
  • excessive hip flexion at terminal stance
  • limits dorsiflexion in terminal stance
  • limits time in single limb support
A

Ankle pain

21
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • difficulty with rapid knee flexion
  • limited knee flexion at LR and again at preswing and initial swing
  • limited hip flexion at LR and preswing
  • a compensatory strategy to clear the limb will be needed at initial swing and midswing
A

Knee pain with knee flexion

22
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • difficulty with rapid knee extension
  • excessive knee flexion at Midstance and terminal stance
  • excessive knee flexion, excessive hip flexion, and dorsiflexion in single limb support
  • shortened time in single limb support
A

Knee pain with knee extension

23
Q

What is the impairment if the individual has:

  • difficulty with hip extension, particularly in terminal stance
  • excessive hip flexion at terminal stance along with limited step length and shortened time in single limb support
A

Hip pain

24
Q

What is the impairment if the individual:

  • walks with excessive variability
  • frequently pre-position the limb in an extended position during stance phases to ensure a stable limb during stance
A

Proprioception deficits

25
Q

What is the impairment if the individual:

  • walks with limited head motion
  • frequently avoid cervical rotational motions or cervical flexion/extension motions
  • excessively large or excessively small base of support
  • may have difficulty walking in a straight path
A

Vestibular deficits

26
Q

If the individual has the inability to simultaneously control multiple DOF, what is this impairment related to?

A

Coordination deficits

27
Q

An excessively large step width suggests that what should be examined more closely?

A

Time in single limb stance, as well as hip abduction during stance phases

28
Q

An excessively narrow step width suggests close examination of what?

A

Hip adduction and amount of pelvic drop during swing limb advancement

29
Q

An excessively positive foot progression angle, insufficient positive foot progression angle, or negative foot progression angle suggests close examination of what?

A

Foot, leg, and thigh rotation in transverse plane

30
Q

A limited step length suggests close examination of what?

A
  • Single limb stance phases such as Midstance and terminal stance
  • consider amount of hip flexion and knee extension at terminal swing
31
Q

Slow paced walking patterns are related to what?

A

Limited time in single limb support phases; therefore Midstance and terminal stance should be examined more closely

Kinesiology -- Gait (5 decks)

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