Impact on the industrial revolution Flashcards
urbanisation
definition= in crease in people living in towns and cities seeking regular work in the factories
What were the key features of urbanisation that contributed to the development of sport?
Lack of Work Space: space was premium in cities so developed purpose-built facilities.
Large working-class population: mass spectator numbers at football and rugby matches because of large workforces.
Loss of traditional sports: many working-class traditional activities (eg. mob games) were banned in civilised urban society so need for new sports to emerge.
Change in working conditions: Initially working class worked long hours in the factories, and had limited free time. Income or energy to devote to sport. As the situation improved, spot attendance and participation increased
How did the development of transport impact sport?
-Development of steam trains and railways= increased spectator and participation opportunities, spreads interest in sports.
-Spectators could follow teams to away matches and regular national fixtures, leagues + cup competitions developed, creating unified rules.
-Filed sports, climbing and walking became more accessible via improved access to countryside. Areas in rural times were reachable and affordable.
How and why did the church influence sport?
Promoted social control (improved behaviour) through ‘civilised activities’
-Encouraged civilised behaviour; shift from popular recreations to rational recreations (i.e. diverted people from drinking/gambling)
-Promote good Christian values
-Wanted to increase attendance on holy days and church ceremonies.
-Offered church facilities: halls, fields
-Organised teams such as football
-Sunday school got more involved as young people wanted to take part
-YMCA - CUBS developed through church
-Gave opportunity for clergy to come in contact with the wider community
What is muscular Christianity?
Used in sport (especially association football) to get more people to church
Can you name a football team that originated from a church team?
Aston Villa - originated from Villa Cross Methodist Church
Define philanthropists.
Kind, generous, middle class individuals who had a social conscience and were keen to try to provide a better life among the working class.
How did the emergence of the middle class in a three-tier society develop sport?
Codification: development of strict rules as public school boys+university old boys played a key role in developing NGBs.
Competition: development of leagues and competitions via middle-class involvement in public schools etc.
Increase leisure time: workers given more time off work.
Move to professionalism: helped in the development of early professional/commercial sport.
Public provisions
Why was sport spread through the British Empire?
English public school boys play an important role in ‘games ethics’. Sport seen as very good and powerful way to install good morals. Helped bind various people of the empire together. Young men educated to become leaders of the British Empire spread through many ways.
Who spread sport throughout the British Empire?
Teachers- developed teams and taught traditional sporting values.
Clergy- developed church teams or became missionaries and took sports abroad.
Industrialists/factory owners- set up teams, gave workers time off to compete.
Officers- in British army, sport spread throughout army.
Diplomats- travelled world and took sports with them.
Developed NGBs, codified sport, established leagues and competitions that eventaully went international.
Why were NBG’s developed?
-Maintenance of control of sport among the middle class and upper class.
-Maintain amateur ideal
- More fixtures required
-Different public schools played different versions of sports- an issue when school boys moved on.
-More Leagues required
-Rules and codification required
-More clubs forming
-Threats of professionalism/ commercialisation
Why do some NGBs try to prevent professionals from competing in their sport?
-due to the desire to maintain control of sport
-preserve amateur ideal
-Maintain exclusivity
-Not like losing to lower class(professionals
Define Amateur.
A person who plays a sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain.
Define professional.
A person who plays sports for financial gain.
What are the values of Amateursim?
-Manliness: robustness, striving for physical endeavour
-Appreciating the values of health and fitness
-Appreciating the value of rule-regulated activity
-High moral integrity