Impact of physical activity and sport on the health of the individual. Flashcards
1
Q
When does Coronary Heart Disease occur?
A
- when coronary arteries become blocked due to atherosclerosis
2
Q
What is atherosclerosis?
A
- coronary arteries narrow due to a build up of fatty deposits
3
Q
What can cause CHD?
4 things
A
- high blood pressure
- effects of smoking
- lack of exercise
- high cholesterol
4
Q
What is the definition of high blood pressure?
A
- The amount of force exerted by blood on the vessel walls
5
Q
Why is high blood pressure bad?
A
- it puts extra strain on the arteries and heart
6
Q
How can we reduce blood pressure?
A
- Regular aerobic exercise
7
Q
What is LDL cholesterol?
A
- Transports cholesterol in the blood to tissues
- bad cholesterol as it increases risk of heart disease
8
Q
What is HDL cholesterol?
A
- transports excess cholesterol back to the liver
- good cholesterol as it decreases risk of heart disease
9
Q
What happens when a stroke occurs?
A
- blood supply to the brain is cut off
10
Q
What are the 2 types of stroke?
A
- Ischaemic stroke is the most common, it is where a blood clot occurs
- Haemorrhagic stroke is where a weakened blood vessel bursts
11
Q
What is the definition of stroke volume?
A
- Volume of blood pumped out of the heart per beat
12
Q
What 3 things does stroke volume depend on?
A
- venous return, if venous return increases so does stroke volume
- Elasticity of cardiac fibres, the more they can stretch the greater force of contraction
- Contractility of cardiac tissue, the greater the contractility the greater the fore of contraction
13
Q
what is venous return?
A
- Venous return is the return of blood to the right side of the heart via the vena cava.
14
Q
what is ejection fraction?
A
- the percentage of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per beat.
15
Q
what is cardiac output?
A
- the amount of blood pumped from the heart every minute
