Imp

Question 1

Acetylcholine from cholinergic neurons have what actions? (5)

Answer 1

1. Contraction of smooth muscle in wall
2. relaxation of sphincters
3. increase salivary secretion
4. increase gastric secretion
5. increase pancreatic secretion

Question 2

Norepinephrine from adrenergic neurons have what actions? (3)

Answer 2

1. Relaxation of smooth muscle in wall
2. Contraction of sphincters
3. increase in salivary secretion

Question 3

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) from neurons of the ENS have what actions? (3)

Answer 3

1. Relaxation of smooth muscle
2. increase intestinal secretion
3. increase pancreatic secretion

Question 4

Nitric Oxide (NO) from neurons of the ENS has what action?

Answer 4

• Relaxation of smooth muscle

Question 5

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) from vagal neurons of the gastric mucosa has what action?

Answer 5

Increase in gastrin secretion

Question 6

Enkepahlins from neurons of the ENS has what actions? (2)

Answer 6

• Contraction of smooth muscle
• decrease in intestinal secretion

Question 7

Neurpeptide Y from neurons of the ENS has what actions (2)?

Answer 7

relaxation of smooth muscle

decrease intestinal secretion

Question 8

Substance P which is co-secreted with ACh by neurons of the ENS have what actions?

Answer 8

1. contraction of smooth muscle
2. increase in salivary secretion

Question 9

Our stomach is too acidic. What can we release to help respond to the low pH (acidic) environment?

Answer 9

Somatostatin from D cells in the GI mucosa, hypothalamus or the g cells of the pancrease will decrease H+ gastric secretions and decrease release of gastric hormones

Question 10

After eat, what is realeased

Answer 10

gastrin

Question 11

When we have a acidic (high amount of H+) or FA in the duodenum, what is released?

Answer 11

Secretin is released from S cells in the duodeum.

It will: [increase HCO3- secretion from the pancreas and biliary tract], [decrease gastric H+ release], [decrease atrophy of the GI mucosa].

Question 12

Gastrin

Answer 12

Gastrin is relased from G cells in the mucosa after we eat: vagal stimulation, distension or presecne of smal lpeptides.

Releases H+ and causes trophy of the stomach mucus

Question 13

What targets parietal cells to release HCl?

Answer 13

Histamine from ECL in the gastric pits

Question 14

We just ate a meal and it moved into the SI. What happens if we sense FA or small peptides in the duodenum and jejunum

Answer 14

Release of CCK –> release of pancreatic secretions and HCO3- from the pancreas, bile from the GB, atropy of the GB and pancreas, slow of gastric emptying

Question 15

What decreaes gastric H secretions and secretes insulin from pancreatic B cells

Answer 15

GIP