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GI Exam 1 > d > Flashcards

d Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

A

The abdominopelvic cavity includes both the [abdomen and the pelvis], which are separated by the imaginary border of the [pelvic inlet]. Thus, it is located in between the thoracic diaphragm and the pelvic diaphragm. It is lined by peritoneum.

  • Can go has high as the 4thintercostal space.
  • Above the pelvic inlet is called the greater pelvis.
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2
Q

What are the divisions of the abdominal wall in 9 regions?

A

From R–> L

  • RH (right hypochondrium)
  • E (epigastric)
  • LH (left hypochondriac)
  • RL (right flank; lateral region)
  • U (umbilical)
  • LL (left flank; lateral region)
  • RI (right inguinal; groin)
  • P (pubic)
  • LI (left inguinal; groin)
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3
Q

Describe the 4 quadrant division of the abdomen and the organs in each.

A

The 4 quadrants are separated by the [median plane] (up and down) and the [transumbilical plane] (L-R): RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ.

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4
Q

What are the contents in the RUQ?

A
  1. R lobe of the liver
  2. gallbladder
  3. R kidney
  4. R adrenal gland
  5. Pylorus of the stomach
  6. Dudodenum (1-3)
  7. Ascending colon (superior part)
  8. Transverse colon (right side)
  9. Head of the pancrease
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5
Q

What are the contents in the LUQ?

A
  1. L lobe of the liver
  2. Spleen
  3. L kidney
  4. L adrenal gland
  5. Stomach
  6. Jejunum and superior part of the ileum
  7. Descending colon (superior part)
  8. Transverse colon (L side)
  9. Body and tail of the pancreas
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6
Q

What are the contents in the RLQ?

A
  1. Appendix
  2. Cecum
  3. Ascending colon (inferior part)
  4. Most of the ileum
  5. R ovary
  6. R uterine tube
  7. R ureter
  8. R spermatic cord
  9. bladder
  10. Uterus
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7
Q

What are the contents in the LLQ? (8)

A
  1. Descending colon (inferior part)
  2. Sigmoid colon
  3. L ovary
  4. L uterine tube
  5. L ureter
  6. L spermatic cord
  7. Bladder
  8. uterus
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8
Q

Name the 6 important abdominal planes.

A
  1. Xiphersternal plane goes from the 7th rib–> T9
  2. Transplyloric plane goes from the 9th rib–> L1
  3. Subcostal plane goes from 10th rib–> L3
  4. Supracristal plane goes from the top of the iliac crests –> L4
  5. Transtubercle plane is at L5 (widest part of the hips and is located between the iliac tubercles at the ileocecal junction)
  6. Interspinous plane is between ASIS–> S2
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9
Q

What organs are in the transpyloric plane (L1)?

A
  1. Stomach (pylorus)
  2. Gallbladder
  3. Neck of the pancreas
  4. SMA
  5. HPV
  6. Hilia of the kidney

SOME. GAYS NEED SEX, HURRY HENRY

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10
Q

What organs are in the subcostal plane (L3)?

A

Below 10th rib–> L3

Transverse colon

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11
Q

What organs are in the transtubercle plane (L5)?

A

Ileocecal junction

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12
Q

What organs are in the interspinous plane (S2)?

A

Located between the ASIS and is where the appendix and sigmoid colon is located.

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13
Q

If we wanted to located the appendix or the sigmoid colon, what plane would we look at and what part of the abdomen?

A

Both the appendix and the sigmoid colon are located at the [interspinous plane]. However, the appendix is located at the RLQ and the sigmoid colon is located at the LLQ.

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14
Q

If we wanted to locate the transverse colon, what plane would we look at and what areas of the abdomen?

A
  • The transverse colon is located at the subcostal plane (below the 10th rib–> L3).
  • The R side of the transverse colon is located in the RUQ and the L side is located in the LUQ.
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15
Q

What plane would we find the ileocecal junction?

A

Transtubercule plane

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16
Q

What are the layers of the abdominal wall?

A

Skin→ Camper’s fascia → Scarpa’s fascia → EO muscle → IO muscle → Transversus abdominis m. → Transversalis fascia → extraperitoneal fat → parietal peritoneum

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17
Q

What is the outer layer of the abdominal wall made up of?

A

Outer layer of the abdominal wall has 4 parts: [Skin, CF, SF and aponeurosis],

  • Tough and thick
  • Covers the rectus abdominus and forms a rectus sheath.
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18
Q

During liposuction, ______ fascia is removed. If ______ fascia is removed, it causes a botched liposuction.

A

During liposuction, Camper’s fascia is removed. If Scarpa’s fascia is removed, it causes a botched liposuction.

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19
Q

_______ fascia is a fatty layer of the superficial fascia.

A

Camper’s fascia is a fatty layer of the superficial fascia.

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20
Q

___________ is a deep membranous layer of fascia.

A

Scarpa’s fascia is the membranous underlying CT later of superficial fascia.

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21
Q

What would happen if you had bleeding between Scarpa’s fascia and the abdominal aponeurotic tissue?

A
  • Scarpa’s fascia is continous with Colle’s fascia of the perinium, but also fused with the fascia lata of the lower limb.
    • Not go into leg, but it would go into Colle’s fascia.
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22
Q

What happens when Scarpa’s fascia enters the scrotum?

A

It changes its name to Dartos fascia.

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23
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

The central meeting of two aponeurosis.

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24
Q

What are the 3 anterior abdominal muscles?

A

1. External oblique m.

2. Internal oblique m.

3. Transversus abdominis m.

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25
Q

Where does the external oblique m. –> EO aponeurosis?

A

At the linea semilunares (located at the mid-clavicular line)

26
Q

External oblique m.

O:

Insertion:

Innervation:

Action:

A

O: External surface of ribs 5-12

Insertion: Aponeurosis, linea alba, anterior iliac crest and pubic tubercle

N: Ventral rami of intercostal nerves (T7-T12): thoracoabdominal N (T7-T11) and Subcostal N (T12)

Axn: Compress the abdomen, increase intra-abdominal pressure, flex and rotate the trunk, retain posture.

27
Q

What makes the inguinal ligament? and what does it make?

A
  • Lower part of the E.O m rolls under
  • Opening of the superficial inguinal canal
28
Q

Origin and insertion of the internal oblique m

A

[thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest and the lateral inguinal L]–>

[lower part of ribs 10-12, linea alba and the pectin pubis via the conjoint tendon]

29
Q

N and axn of IO m.

A

Nerves: thoracoabdominal n, subcostal n, ilioinguinal n and iliohypogastric n.

Action:

  • Compress abdomen
  • Support abdomen
  • Flex and rotate abdomen
30
Q

Where does the transversus abdominus m. become aponeurotic?

A

Linea semilunaris

31
Q

Origin and insertion of the tranvsersus abdominus muscle

A

[inside of the costal cartilage of ribs 7-10, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and lateral inguinal ligament]

–>

[linea alba with EO aponeurosis, pubic crest and pectin pubis via the conjoint tendon]

32
Q

Transversus abdominis m

N:

AXN:

A
  • N: thoracoabdominal n (T7-11), subcostal n (T12), ilioinguinal n (L1), iliohypogastric
  • Axn (L1):
    • Compress abdomen
    • Support the abdomen
33
Q

What is special about the rectus abdominis muscle?

A
  • It is wider at the top than it is at the bottom.
  • It has tendinous intersections that make part of the rectus sheath at the xiphoid, midway and umbilical levels.
34
Q

O and I of the rectus abdominus m

A
  • [pubic symphysis and pubic crest]–>
  • [xiphoid process and the 5th-7th costal cartilages]
35
Q

Rectus abdominus m.

N:

Axn:

A

N:

  • Ventral rami of intercostal nerves: thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11) and subcostal n (T12)

Axn:

  • Compress abdomen
  • Flex abdomen
36
Q

What is the border of the rectus abdominus m called?

A

Linea semilunares

37
Q

Which abdominal muscle does not help to make the linea alba?

A

Rectus abdominis m.

The fibers run from [the pubic symphysis and pubic crest]–> [costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process]

38
Q

what muscle is important for retinaing posture?

A

external oblique m

39
Q

Subcostal incision

A

Parallel to, but 2.5 cm away from the inferior costal margin

gives us access to: gallbladder, spleen, biliary tract

40
Q

Midline incision

A

Xiphoid process–> pubic symphysis

done rapdily because not alot of BV, nerves, but takes a long time to heal

41
Q

Paramedial incision

A

From costal margin–> iliac crest, along the linea semilunares.

this opens the rectus sheath and allows us to push rectus muscle aside and go into the peritoneum.

42
Q

Gridline (mcburneys point)

A

muscle splitting done in appendictomy

43
Q

suprapubic line

A

at pubic hair line,

done in most OB/GYN surgeries

44
Q

Lymphatic system above the transumbilical plane (T10)

A

If above the transumbilical plane, you can go to two LN

    1. Axillary LN- if on lateral side of upper body
    1. Parasternal LN- if on medial side of upper body
45
Q

Lymphatic system below T10

A

Drain into the superficial inguinal LN

46
Q

Deep LN drain the deep veins in the abdomen. What are the deep LN?

A

1. External iliac LN

2. Common iliac LN

3. Lumbar LN

47
Q

What is the rectus sheath and where is it located?

A
  • Fascia and aponeurosis of muscles that encompasses the RA m.
  • It is located below and above the arcuate line, with different contents.
48
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

Arcuate line is a transition where all EO, IO and TA aponeuroses become anterior to the rectus abdominis m. it is located 1/3 of the way between the BB and pubic tubercle

49
Q

Thus, below the line, the rectus abdominis is in contact with ___________

A

transversalis fascia

50
Q

Above the arcuate line

A
  • Anterior: EO, IO aponeurosis
  • Posterior: IO, TA aponeurosis and the TF
51
Q

Below the arcuate line

A

Anterior: EO, IO, TA aponeurosis

Posterior: TF

52
Q

_____________ aponeurosis is always anterior.

A

External obliqye aponeurosis

53
Q

What is the highest point in the body that the abdomino-pelvic cavity stretches?

A

goes up to the 4th intercostal space

54
Q

Where does the Neurovasculature of the abdomen lie?

A

between the internal oblique muscle and the transversus abdominis muscle

55
Q

Thoracoabdominal nerves innervate T7-T11 which is a continuation of intercostal N., while subcostal N is under rib 12.

What is another name for these nerves?

A

Anterior rami

56
Q

L1 is split into two different nerves. What are they?

A

Iliohypogastric

Ilioinguinal

57
Q

From the internal thoracic A, splits into two which are?

A

the musculophrenic and superior epigastric As.

58
Q

The superior epigastric, which is posterior to rectus abdominis, will anastamose with what at the belly button?

A

inferior epigastric A,

which is a branch off of the external iliac A.

59
Q

What are the two abdominal wall arteries that come off the femoral A?

A

1. Superficial epigastric

2. Superficial circumflex iliac A

60
Q

abdominopelvic cavity can go as high up as

A

4th intercostal spacwe

61
Q

abdominopelvic cavity is seperated by your pelvic inlet, creating the thoracic diaphragm and pelvic diaphram. what is everything above the pelvic inlet callec?

A

greater pelvis

62
Q

Iliohypogastric N (L1) and

ilioinguinal n (L1)

describe their distribution

A

Iliohypogastric nerve: motor to IO and TA;

sensory to upper inguinal and hypogastric region

Ilioinguinal N is motor to the lower IO and TA

sensory to the lower inguinal, anterior scrotum and labia and medial thigh.

GI Exam 1 (13 decks)

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